BIO 669 NEURO I QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
3 components of a neuron - ANSWER-cell body/soma, dendrites, axons
Densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are ______________. - ANSWER-nuclei
Densely packed cell bodies in the PNS are _____________. - ANSWER-ganglia
_______________ are the receiving part of the neuron. They receive incoming signals
and send signals to the neuron ____ ________. They eventually converge into the
___________ ____________. - ANSWER-Dendrites, cell body, axon hillock
_____________ are able to be affected by external stimuli. - ANSWER-Dendrites
_________- take the signal to the end of the cell and carry impulses AWAY from the cell
body toward another neuron or effector. - ANSWER-axons
The ____________ ___________ is a cone-shape where the axon leaves the cell body.
The axon hillock determines whether there is enough ____________ ______________
_______________ to develop and sustain an AP to send down the axon hillock. -
ANSWER-axon hillock, excitatory graded potentials
As dendrites bring signals into the ___________ ____ _______ some may be
_____________-more likely to generate signal or ____________-prevent signal from
being developed. - ANSWER-neuron cell body, excitatory, inhibitory
The initial segment of the axon is the area of the axon having the _________ threshold
for stimulation, so the AP ________ at this point. - ANSWER-lowest, begin
During the __________ state, an imbalance of ions is created and maintained by ion
pumps and lack of permeability to ions. - ANSWER-resting state
_________ __________ __________ is the result of retained proteins within the cell
and ions mostly Na & K, creating ____________- gradients resulting in a relatively
________ charge within the inner aspect of the plasma membrane. - ANSWER-Resting
membrane potential
electrochemical
negative
, Na is _________ charged and attracted to a ______ environment inside the cell. It also
has a high ____________ gradient helping to pull Na _____ as well. Both forces help to
favor movement of Na _______ the cell. - ANSWER-Na is postitively charged, negative
concentration, in, into
How to tell whether the K will leave the cell or stay? Look at the _______________-
gradient. In this case, K is more likely to ______. It will continue to leave until the cell's
inside is _________ enough to pull back as many K ions in as are leaving, that will be K
The concentration of ions are given in ___. The separation or _______________ of ions
and charges creates an ____________ _____________. Little to no difference in
charges between inside and outside __________________. - ANSWER-mOsm,mM
polarization
electrical potential
depolarization
The __________ __________ refers to the inside of the cell, a -70mV -the charge
associated with the inside of the cell means that the inside aka the ____________ is
more __________ than the extracellular environment. - ANSWER-membrane potential,
cytoplasm, more negative
The inside of the cell is __________ charged and the outside of the cell is
_____________ charged. The different in charges is found at the ______________ not
the cell as a whole. What ions cause this difference? - ANSWER-negatively, positively
membrane, K & Na but mostly Na
Which way would K & Na move if left to diffusion and the membrane were permeable? -
ANSWER-High to low if left solely to diffusion.
IF there is 150 mM Na and 5mM K outside the cell and 15 mM Na and 150 mM K
inside, why would they not diffuse equally fast across the membrane? - ANSWER-There
are two forces acting on the ions. Iff both Na & K were fully permeable, there would be a
lot more Na move in than K move out bc the 2nd thing to help drive these ions is the cell
charges. Since the inside of the cell is negative, it lends an additional force to move the
Na in and retain K.
The _____________ ______________ is used to describe the forces affecting ion
movement if allowed to become permeable to a membrane. ___________ gradients
move from high to low concentration, thus becoming more ___________ aka a
_________ energy state. - ANSWER-electrochemical gradient, Chemical, random,
lower energy state
___________ gradients where opposite charges attract, similar charges repel which can
set up a force to move charged particles. ____________ are charges separated by a
membrane and are measured in _______ - ANSWER-Electrical gradients-where
opposite charges attract,
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
3 components of a neuron - ANSWER-cell body/soma, dendrites, axons
Densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are ______________. - ANSWER-nuclei
Densely packed cell bodies in the PNS are _____________. - ANSWER-ganglia
_______________ are the receiving part of the neuron. They receive incoming signals
and send signals to the neuron ____ ________. They eventually converge into the
___________ ____________. - ANSWER-Dendrites, cell body, axon hillock
_____________ are able to be affected by external stimuli. - ANSWER-Dendrites
_________- take the signal to the end of the cell and carry impulses AWAY from the cell
body toward another neuron or effector. - ANSWER-axons
The ____________ ___________ is a cone-shape where the axon leaves the cell body.
The axon hillock determines whether there is enough ____________ ______________
_______________ to develop and sustain an AP to send down the axon hillock. -
ANSWER-axon hillock, excitatory graded potentials
As dendrites bring signals into the ___________ ____ _______ some may be
_____________-more likely to generate signal or ____________-prevent signal from
being developed. - ANSWER-neuron cell body, excitatory, inhibitory
The initial segment of the axon is the area of the axon having the _________ threshold
for stimulation, so the AP ________ at this point. - ANSWER-lowest, begin
During the __________ state, an imbalance of ions is created and maintained by ion
pumps and lack of permeability to ions. - ANSWER-resting state
_________ __________ __________ is the result of retained proteins within the cell
and ions mostly Na & K, creating ____________- gradients resulting in a relatively
________ charge within the inner aspect of the plasma membrane. - ANSWER-Resting
membrane potential
electrochemical
negative
, Na is _________ charged and attracted to a ______ environment inside the cell. It also
has a high ____________ gradient helping to pull Na _____ as well. Both forces help to
favor movement of Na _______ the cell. - ANSWER-Na is postitively charged, negative
concentration, in, into
How to tell whether the K will leave the cell or stay? Look at the _______________-
gradient. In this case, K is more likely to ______. It will continue to leave until the cell's
inside is _________ enough to pull back as many K ions in as are leaving, that will be K
The concentration of ions are given in ___. The separation or _______________ of ions
and charges creates an ____________ _____________. Little to no difference in
charges between inside and outside __________________. - ANSWER-mOsm,mM
polarization
electrical potential
depolarization
The __________ __________ refers to the inside of the cell, a -70mV -the charge
associated with the inside of the cell means that the inside aka the ____________ is
more __________ than the extracellular environment. - ANSWER-membrane potential,
cytoplasm, more negative
The inside of the cell is __________ charged and the outside of the cell is
_____________ charged. The different in charges is found at the ______________ not
the cell as a whole. What ions cause this difference? - ANSWER-negatively, positively
membrane, K & Na but mostly Na
Which way would K & Na move if left to diffusion and the membrane were permeable? -
ANSWER-High to low if left solely to diffusion.
IF there is 150 mM Na and 5mM K outside the cell and 15 mM Na and 150 mM K
inside, why would they not diffuse equally fast across the membrane? - ANSWER-There
are two forces acting on the ions. Iff both Na & K were fully permeable, there would be a
lot more Na move in than K move out bc the 2nd thing to help drive these ions is the cell
charges. Since the inside of the cell is negative, it lends an additional force to move the
Na in and retain K.
The _____________ ______________ is used to describe the forces affecting ion
movement if allowed to become permeable to a membrane. ___________ gradients
move from high to low concentration, thus becoming more ___________ aka a
_________ energy state. - ANSWER-electrochemical gradient, Chemical, random,
lower energy state
___________ gradients where opposite charges attract, similar charges repel which can
set up a force to move charged particles. ____________ are charges separated by a
membrane and are measured in _______ - ANSWER-Electrical gradients-where
opposite charges attract,
