1|Page
FRESENIUS PCT EXAM AND PRACTICE TEST
NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 250
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
FRESENIUS PCT EXAM
4 things to teach pt to prevent access from clotting - ANSWER-
1. avoid tight fitting clothing or jewelry on access arm
2. avoid sleeping on access arm
3. avoid lab draws or blood pressure checks in access arm
4. avoid carrying heavy objects in access arm
5. personal hygine and importance of keeping access clean to
prevent infection
what is emla cream - ANSWER-Lidocaine 2.5% and Prilocaine
2.5%. anesthetic cram used to numb area for cannulation. is
applied at home at least an hour before tx
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Needle safety devices must: - ANSWER-be engaged while
removing needle from access
what evaluation is performed on the vascular access
pretreatment - ANSWER-look- color, clean incisions, dry and
intact, no sx of infection, prior cannulation sites healing
listen= audible whoosh heard same throughout access. low
pitched and louder on arterial side
feel= feel for a thrill (vibration or buzz throughout length of
access), pulse, and consistent temp
when admitting anew pt what is performed before taking a blood
pressure reading? - ANSWER-both arms are xamined to
evaluate for the prsence of a vascular access
in what direction are fistula needles placed? - ANSWER-venous
always go with flow of blood, arterial can be in either direction
what is needle flipping? - ANSWER-prior to back eyes, needles
were flipped to prevent needle from lodging against side of
vessel. flipping has been found to damage intimal lining of
vessel and is no longer recommended
,3|Page
from what compartment is fluid removed? - ANSWER-fluid
wastes and electrolytes are evenly distributed between
intravascular, interstitial, and intercellular spaces. during
dialysis, fluid is only removed from intravascular space. as
wastes/electrolytes are pulled from intravascular space, these
move from interstitial space into the intravascular space to
promote homeostasis. if uf rate is higher than pt's ability to refill
intravascular space, then pt becomes intravascularly dehydrated
and will experience complications
needle gauge size and corresponding bfr - ANSWER-<300= 17
300-350=16
>350-450=15
>450=14
access flow goals - ANSWER-fistula: >400
graft: >600
what is adequacy of dialysis? - ANSWER-Measurement of how
well we are cleaning waste from the patients blood
what can negatively impact adequacy? - ANSWER-inadequate
heparin, access recirculation, shortened tx time, air in dialyzer,
, 4|Page
improper priming, lower than ordered bfr, incorrect dialyzer
size, lower than ordered dialysate flow rate
how can we measure how well we clean our pt's blood -
ANSWER-blood urea nitrogen levels is measured to calculate
the adequacy of a tx. by measuring the amount of wastes in the
pt's blood before and after dialysis, the clearance can be
calculated.
what four items impact clearance (adequacy of tx) - ANSWER-
tx time, bfr, dfr, dialyzer size (surface area). dialyzer size has
most impact on dialyzer clearance
how is clearance best described? - ANSWER-amount of urea
cleared from blood in milliliters per minute. this is a
measurement of dialyzer effectiveness
what is the difference between spkkt/v and ekt/v and how is it
determined? - ANSWER-spkt/v: single pool is the amount of
dialysis having been delivered upon completion of the
hemodialysis treatment. single pool is urea reduction from one
pool of fluid (the vascular space). minimum of 1.4 L is required,
determination is n/a
FRESENIUS PCT EXAM AND PRACTICE TEST
NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 250
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
FRESENIUS PCT EXAM
4 things to teach pt to prevent access from clotting - ANSWER-
1. avoid tight fitting clothing or jewelry on access arm
2. avoid sleeping on access arm
3. avoid lab draws or blood pressure checks in access arm
4. avoid carrying heavy objects in access arm
5. personal hygine and importance of keeping access clean to
prevent infection
what is emla cream - ANSWER-Lidocaine 2.5% and Prilocaine
2.5%. anesthetic cram used to numb area for cannulation. is
applied at home at least an hour before tx
,2|Page
Needle safety devices must: - ANSWER-be engaged while
removing needle from access
what evaluation is performed on the vascular access
pretreatment - ANSWER-look- color, clean incisions, dry and
intact, no sx of infection, prior cannulation sites healing
listen= audible whoosh heard same throughout access. low
pitched and louder on arterial side
feel= feel for a thrill (vibration or buzz throughout length of
access), pulse, and consistent temp
when admitting anew pt what is performed before taking a blood
pressure reading? - ANSWER-both arms are xamined to
evaluate for the prsence of a vascular access
in what direction are fistula needles placed? - ANSWER-venous
always go with flow of blood, arterial can be in either direction
what is needle flipping? - ANSWER-prior to back eyes, needles
were flipped to prevent needle from lodging against side of
vessel. flipping has been found to damage intimal lining of
vessel and is no longer recommended
,3|Page
from what compartment is fluid removed? - ANSWER-fluid
wastes and electrolytes are evenly distributed between
intravascular, interstitial, and intercellular spaces. during
dialysis, fluid is only removed from intravascular space. as
wastes/electrolytes are pulled from intravascular space, these
move from interstitial space into the intravascular space to
promote homeostasis. if uf rate is higher than pt's ability to refill
intravascular space, then pt becomes intravascularly dehydrated
and will experience complications
needle gauge size and corresponding bfr - ANSWER-<300= 17
300-350=16
>350-450=15
>450=14
access flow goals - ANSWER-fistula: >400
graft: >600
what is adequacy of dialysis? - ANSWER-Measurement of how
well we are cleaning waste from the patients blood
what can negatively impact adequacy? - ANSWER-inadequate
heparin, access recirculation, shortened tx time, air in dialyzer,
, 4|Page
improper priming, lower than ordered bfr, incorrect dialyzer
size, lower than ordered dialysate flow rate
how can we measure how well we clean our pt's blood -
ANSWER-blood urea nitrogen levels is measured to calculate
the adequacy of a tx. by measuring the amount of wastes in the
pt's blood before and after dialysis, the clearance can be
calculated.
what four items impact clearance (adequacy of tx) - ANSWER-
tx time, bfr, dfr, dialyzer size (surface area). dialyzer size has
most impact on dialyzer clearance
how is clearance best described? - ANSWER-amount of urea
cleared from blood in milliliters per minute. this is a
measurement of dialyzer effectiveness
what is the difference between spkkt/v and ekt/v and how is it
determined? - ANSWER-spkt/v: single pool is the amount of
dialysis having been delivered upon completion of the
hemodialysis treatment. single pool is urea reduction from one
pool of fluid (the vascular space). minimum of 1.4 L is required,
determination is n/a
