PSYC62iMidtermi1
Psychopharmacologyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiistudyihowidrugsiaffectimood,iperception,ithinking,ioribehaviour
PsychoactiveiDrugsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidrugsithatiaffectimood,iperception,ithinking,ioribehaviouribyiactivatingitheinervousis
ystem
BehaviouraliPharmacologyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiusuallyisynonymousiwithipsychopharmacology.iButisometimesilimiteditoisubfieldiof
ibehaviourianalysis
Neuropsychopharmacologyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiianotheritermiforipsychopharmacology.iTheiprefixirepresentsitheinervousisystem.iThi
sitermihasiparticulariemphasisioninervousisystemifunctioning
Pharmacotherapeuticsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiipsychoactiveitreatmentsiforidisorders
Drugi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiianiadministeredisubstanceithatialtersiphysiologicalifunctioning.iImpliesithatisubstanc
eimustiexhibitisufficientiefficiencyitoichangeiphysiologicaliprocess
"Administered"iexcludesisubstances...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...imadeinaturallyiinitheibody
Inipsychopharmacology,iinstrumentaliuseioftenioccursiwith...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...itherapeuticidrugs,iwhichiareiuseditoitreatiphysicaliorimentalidisorders
RecreationaliUsei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiusingiaidrugientirelyitoiexperienceiitsieffects
Misusei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidrugsiintendediforiinstrumentaliuse,ibutiinsteadiusedirecreationally
DrugiAbusei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidrugiuseithaticausesiharmitoiusersioriothers
Dependencei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiicaniincludeiabuse,ibutiuseriexperiencesineedioriurgeitoicontinueiuse
TradeiNamei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidruginameidevelopediforidrugimarketing
GenericiNamei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiinamesithatishowihowidrugsiorganizationallyifitiwithiotheridrugs.iTendsinotitoifollow
ihardirules
1i|iP a g e
,Dosei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiratioiofiamountiofidrugiperiorganism'sibodyiweight
DoseiEffectiCurvei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidepictsileveliofidrugieffectibyidose
ED50i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiirepresentsitheidoseiatiwhichi50%iofianieffectiwasiobserved
Potencyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiamountiofiaidrugiuseditoiproduceiaicertainileveliofieffect
LD50i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiED50iforilethality-doseicurve
TherapeuticiIndexi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiratioiofiaidrug'silethal-doseieffectivalueirelativeitoiitsitherapeutic-
doseieffectivalue.iOneiwayiisidivideiLD50ibyiED50.iButimostidevelopersiuseimoreiconservat
iveimethoditoiavoidioverlappingitherapeuticiandilethalityieffecticurves.iOftenidivideianiLD1ib
yiED99
Pharmacodynamicsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiihowidrugsiaffectibiologicaliactions.iMechanismiofiactioniforiaidrug
Foripsychoactiveidrugs,ibiologicaliactionsiincludes...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...idrug'siactionsionitheinervousisystem
Mostiaddictiveirecreationalidrugsiaction...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...irewardipathwayitoiproduceipleasurableieffects
Pharmacokineticsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiistudyiofihowidrugsipassithroughitheibody
Pharmacogeneticsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiihowigeneticidifferencesiinfluenceiaidrug'sipharmacokineticiandipharmacodynamicief
fects.iProvidesibasisiforidifferenceiinidrugiresponseibetweenipeople
ObjectiveiEffectsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiipharmacologicalieffectsithaticanibeidirectlyiobservedibyiothers.iResearchericaniindep
endentlyimeasureidrug'sieffects
SubjectiveiEffectsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiipharmacologicalieffectsithaticannotibeidirectlyiobservedibyiothers.iMeasuredibyiaski
ngiparticipantsitoidescribeieffects
Open-labelistudiesiapplyitoisituationiwhere...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...idisguisingistudyimedicationimayihaveiimportantiethicaliconsequencesioribeiimpra
ctical
2i|iP a g e
, ExperimentaliValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaddressesilogicalidesigniofieffectiveiqualityiofiexperimentalistudy
InternaliValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiicontroliofivariablesithatimayiinfluenceichangesiiniaidependentivariable
ConfoundiVariablesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiivariablesiotherithaniindependentivariableithaticanicauseichangesitoidependentivariabl
es.iPlaceboigroupsicontroliforimanyiconfoundivariables
ExternaliValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiihowiwelliexperimentalifindingsigeneralizeibeyondiexperimentistudy
Externalivalidityipresentsilimitationsifor...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...ianimaliresearchifindingsipresentediforihumans
Teratogensi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiisubstancesiharmfulitoiaifetus
FaceiValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiassessmentiofihowiwelliaimodeliresemblesitheidisorderiintendeditoistudy
ConstructiValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiassessihowiwelliaistudy'simodeliapproximatesiaidisorder
PredictiveiValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaddressesihowiwelliaimodelipredictsicharacteristicsiofiaidisorder
USDAienforcesiregulationsiin...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...ianimaliwelfareiacti(AWA)
OfficeiofiLaboratoryiAnimaliWelfareienforces...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...ipoliciesiofiPubliciHealthiServicesi(PHS)
InstitutionaliAnimaliCareiandiUseiCommitteei(IACUC)i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiioverseesiinstitution'sientireianimalicareiandiuseiprogram,iincludingiqualityiofihousin
g,iveterinaryipractices,iandiresearchipractices
Replacementi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiitheiIACUCiaddressesinecessityiofiusingianimalsiforiproposedistudy.iSimilarlyiusefuli
findingsimayibeiderivediwithicells,itissues,iinvertebrates,ioricomputers.iIfithisiwereitheicase,iI
ACUCiwouldirejectitheiproposal
Reductioni-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiusingiminimuminumberiofianimalsineededitoiachieveistudy'siobjective
Refinementi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiitheiIACUCiattemptsitoiminimizeiandipainiandidistressiexperiencedibyitheistudyianim
als
3i|iP a g e
Psychopharmacologyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiistudyihowidrugsiaffectimood,iperception,ithinking,ioribehaviour
PsychoactiveiDrugsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidrugsithatiaffectimood,iperception,ithinking,ioribehaviouribyiactivatingitheinervousis
ystem
BehaviouraliPharmacologyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiusuallyisynonymousiwithipsychopharmacology.iButisometimesilimiteditoisubfieldiof
ibehaviourianalysis
Neuropsychopharmacologyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiianotheritermiforipsychopharmacology.iTheiprefixirepresentsitheinervousisystem.iThi
sitermihasiparticulariemphasisioninervousisystemifunctioning
Pharmacotherapeuticsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiipsychoactiveitreatmentsiforidisorders
Drugi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiianiadministeredisubstanceithatialtersiphysiologicalifunctioning.iImpliesithatisubstanc
eimustiexhibitisufficientiefficiencyitoichangeiphysiologicaliprocess
"Administered"iexcludesisubstances...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...imadeinaturallyiinitheibody
Inipsychopharmacology,iinstrumentaliuseioftenioccursiwith...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...itherapeuticidrugs,iwhichiareiuseditoitreatiphysicaliorimentalidisorders
RecreationaliUsei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiusingiaidrugientirelyitoiexperienceiitsieffects
Misusei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidrugsiintendediforiinstrumentaliuse,ibutiinsteadiusedirecreationally
DrugiAbusei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidrugiuseithaticausesiharmitoiusersioriothers
Dependencei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiicaniincludeiabuse,ibutiuseriexperiencesineedioriurgeitoicontinueiuse
TradeiNamei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidruginameidevelopediforidrugimarketing
GenericiNamei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiinamesithatishowihowidrugsiorganizationallyifitiwithiotheridrugs.iTendsinotitoifollow
ihardirules
1i|iP a g e
,Dosei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiratioiofiamountiofidrugiperiorganism'sibodyiweight
DoseiEffectiCurvei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiidepictsileveliofidrugieffectibyidose
ED50i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiirepresentsitheidoseiatiwhichi50%iofianieffectiwasiobserved
Potencyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiamountiofiaidrugiuseditoiproduceiaicertainileveliofieffect
LD50i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiED50iforilethality-doseicurve
TherapeuticiIndexi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiratioiofiaidrug'silethal-doseieffectivalueirelativeitoiitsitherapeutic-
doseieffectivalue.iOneiwayiisidivideiLD50ibyiED50.iButimostidevelopersiuseimoreiconservat
iveimethoditoiavoidioverlappingitherapeuticiandilethalityieffecticurves.iOftenidivideianiLD1ib
yiED99
Pharmacodynamicsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiihowidrugsiaffectibiologicaliactions.iMechanismiofiactioniforiaidrug
Foripsychoactiveidrugs,ibiologicaliactionsiincludes...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...idrug'siactionsionitheinervousisystem
Mostiaddictiveirecreationalidrugsiaction...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...irewardipathwayitoiproduceipleasurableieffects
Pharmacokineticsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiistudyiofihowidrugsipassithroughitheibody
Pharmacogeneticsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiihowigeneticidifferencesiinfluenceiaidrug'sipharmacokineticiandipharmacodynamicief
fects.iProvidesibasisiforidifferenceiinidrugiresponseibetweenipeople
ObjectiveiEffectsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiipharmacologicalieffectsithaticanibeidirectlyiobservedibyiothers.iResearchericaniindep
endentlyimeasureidrug'sieffects
SubjectiveiEffectsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiipharmacologicalieffectsithaticannotibeidirectlyiobservedibyiothers.iMeasuredibyiaski
ngiparticipantsitoidescribeieffects
Open-labelistudiesiapplyitoisituationiwhere...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...idisguisingistudyimedicationimayihaveiimportantiethicaliconsequencesioribeiimpra
ctical
2i|iP a g e
, ExperimentaliValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaddressesilogicalidesigniofieffectiveiqualityiofiexperimentalistudy
InternaliValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiicontroliofivariablesithatimayiinfluenceichangesiiniaidependentivariable
ConfoundiVariablesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiivariablesiotherithaniindependentivariableithaticanicauseichangesitoidependentivariabl
es.iPlaceboigroupsicontroliforimanyiconfoundivariables
ExternaliValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiihowiwelliexperimentalifindingsigeneralizeibeyondiexperimentistudy
Externalivalidityipresentsilimitationsifor...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...ianimaliresearchifindingsipresentediforihumans
Teratogensi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiisubstancesiharmfulitoiaifetus
FaceiValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiassessmentiofihowiwelliaimodeliresemblesitheidisorderiintendeditoistudy
ConstructiValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiassessihowiwelliaistudy'simodeliapproximatesiaidisorder
PredictiveiValidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaddressesihowiwelliaimodelipredictsicharacteristicsiofiaidisorder
USDAienforcesiregulationsiin...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...ianimaliwelfareiacti(AWA)
OfficeiofiLaboratoryiAnimaliWelfareienforces...i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii...ipoliciesiofiPubliciHealthiServicesi(PHS)
InstitutionaliAnimaliCareiandiUseiCommitteei(IACUC)i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiioverseesiinstitution'sientireianimalicareiandiuseiprogram,iincludingiqualityiofihousin
g,iveterinaryipractices,iandiresearchipractices
Replacementi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiitheiIACUCiaddressesinecessityiofiusingianimalsiforiproposedistudy.iSimilarlyiusefuli
findingsimayibeiderivediwithicells,itissues,iinvertebrates,ioricomputers.iIfithisiwereitheicase,iI
ACUCiwouldirejectitheiproposal
Reductioni-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiusingiminimuminumberiofianimalsineededitoiachieveistudy'siobjective
Refinementi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiitheiIACUCiattemptsitoiminimizeiandipainiandidistressiexperiencedibyitheistudyianim
als
3i|iP a g e
