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developmental psychology - ✔✔focuses on physical, cognitive, and social change
throughout the lifespan
Physical Development - ✔✔growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses,
motor skills, and health and wellness
cognitive development - ✔✔involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking,
reasoning, and creativity
psychosocial development - ✔✔involves emotions, personality, and social relationships
normative approach - ✔✔In the early decades of the 20th century, normative
psychologists studied large numbers of children at various ages to determine norms of
when most children reach specific developmental milestones in each of the three
domains
developmental milestones - ✔✔age-related averages as general guidelines to compare
children with same-age peers to determine the approximate ages they should reach
specific normative events
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, continuous development - ✔✔a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing
skills, gradual change
discontinuous development - ✔✔believes that development takes place in unique
stages: It occurs at specific times or ages. The change is more sudden, such as an infant's
ability to conceive object permanence
nature - ✔✔biology and genetics
nurture - ✔✔environment and culture
psychosexual theory of development - ✔✔
psychosocial development - ✔✔theory emphasizes the social nature of our
development rather than its sexual nature.
trust vs mistrust - ✔✔basic needs, such as nourishment and affection, will be met; 0-1
years
autonomy vs shame and doubt - ✔✔Develop a sense of independence in many tasks; 1-
3 years
initiative vs guilt - ✔✔Take initiative on some activities—may develop guilt when
unsuccessful or boundaries overstepped; 3-6 years
industry vs inferiority - ✔✔Develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or
sense of inferiority when not; 7-11 years
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