ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT (ATLS) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!

What are the signs of a tension pneumothorax? - ANSWER engorged neck veins Reduced lung expansion deviation of trachea to opposite side Hyper-resonant chest decreased breath sounds on affected side Management of tension pneumothorax? - ANSWER needle decompression in 2nd intercostal space then insertion of chest drain (definitive management) Management of open pneumothorax - ANSWER Three-sided dressing and then insertion of chest drain What is a flail chest? - ANSWER 2 or more rib fractures in 2 or more places, thus resulting in separation of a segment of the thoracic cage Clinical sign of flail chest - ANSWER Paradoxical movement of this part of the chest wall - indrawing on inspiration and outwards movement on expiration Beck's triad is a constellation of findings indicative of cardiac tamponade. What are they? - ANSWER hypotension jugular venous distention muffled heart sounds Classification of cardiogenic shock based on pulse - ANSWER Class 1 - <100 Class 2 - 100-120 Class 3 - 120-140 Class 4 - >140 Classification of cardiogenic shock based on BP? - ANSWER Class 1-2 - normal BP Class 3-4 - low BP Management of cardiac tamponade - ANSWER pericardiocentesis under ultrasound guidance W