Med-Surg: Fluid & Electrolyte
3. A nurse is watching a client who has acute alcohol intoxication. The nurse need to identify
that the patron is at chance for which of the following acid-base imbalances?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis - ANS-Answer: C.
Common reasons of metabolic acidosis include alcohol or ethanol intoxication,
diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoxia, kidney failure, diarrhea, and pancreatitis.
A purchaser is admitted inside the medical institution because of having lower than normal
potassium degree in her
bloodstream. Her scientific history well-knownshows vomiting and diarrhea previous to
hospitalization. Which
meals should the nurse coach the purchaser to boom?
A. Whole grains and nuts
b. Milk merchandise and inexperienced, leafy vegetables
c. Pork merchandise and canned greens
d. Orange juice and bananas - ANS-Answer: D
Rationale: The consumer with hypokalemia needs to increase the intake of meals excessive in
potassium.
Orange juice and bananas are high in potassium, along with raisins, apricots, avocados, beans,
and potatoes. Whole grains and nuts could be endorsed for the purchaser with
hypomagnesemia;
milk merchandise and green, leafy veggies are excellent assets of calcium for the customer with
hypocalcemia. Pork products and canned veggies are excessive in sodium and are encouraged
for
the customer with hyponatremia.
A nurse in a medical surgical unit is caring for a set of customers for which of the following
clients have to the nurse assume a prescription for fluid restriction ?
A: A purchaser who has a new prognosis of adrenal insufficiency.
B: A patron who has a heart failure.
C: A customer who's receiving remedy for diabetic ketoacidosis.
D: A client who has belly ascites. - ANS-Answer: B.
,The nurse have to count on a patron who has heart failure to require fluid and sodium restrict to
reduce the workload on the heart
A nurse is admitting a customer who reports nausea, vomiting and weak spot. The customer
has dry oral mucous membranes. Which of the following findings need to the nurse identify as
manifestations of fluid extent deficit? (Select all that follow.)
A.Decreased pores and skin turgor
B. Concentrated Urine
C. Bradycardia
D. Low-grade fever
E. Tachypnea - ANS-Answer: A, B, D, E.
Rationale: Decreased pores and skin turgor is because of the shortage of fluid in the body and
results from dryness of the skin. Concentrated urine is a manifestation of fluid quantity deficit.
Urine is concentrated because of lack of fluid inside the vascular machine. This reasons a
decrease in perfusion of the kidneys resulting in multiplied urine precise gravity. Low grade fever
is one of the frame's
methods to preserve homeostasis to make amends for the dearth of fluid in the body.
Tachypnea is the
body's way to acquire oxygen due to the dearth of fluid volume in the frame.
A nurse is assessing a client who is dehydrated for fluid quantity deficit. Which of the
subsequent findings need to the nurse anticipate inside the purchaser.
A. Wet pores and skin
B. Distended neck veins
C. Elevated urinary output
D. Tachycardia - ANS-Answer: D (Tachycardia)
Rationale: tachycardia is an attempt to keep blood pressure, a manifestation of fluid volume
deficit.
A nurse is assessing a purchaser who is receiving hydrochlorothiazide and notes that the
purchaser is
confused and lethargic. Which of the following laboratory values must the nurse record to the
provider?
A. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
B. Sodium 128 mEq/L
C. Potassium 4.Zero mEq/L
D. Phosphate 3.0 mg/dL - ANS-Answer: B. Sodium 128 mEq/L
Rationale: Normal sodium stages need to usually be between 135 to 145.
A nurse is assessing a pt who has hypokalemia as a result of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Which of the following findings must the nurse anticipate?
, A Hyperactive reflexes
B. Extreme thirst
C. Weak, irregular pulse
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds - ANS-Answer: C.
Common manifestations of potassium depletion encompass a vulnerable and abnormal pulse,
muscle weak point, fatigue, and ventricular dysrhythmias
A nurse is being concerned for a client who had CKD. The nurse need to display the client for
which of
the following manifestations of fluid overload?
A. Flat Neck Veins
B. Weak Pulse
C. Increased Hematocrit
D. Increased Blood Pressure - ANS-Answer: D.
The nurse must display the blood strain of a customer who has CKD. The patron who is
experiencing fluid overload because of CKD will take place an growth in blood pressure.
A nurse is being concerned for a purchaser who has a NG tube with low intermittent suctioning.
The nurse ought to display the client for which of the subsequent electrolyte imbalances?
(SATA)
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hyperphosphatemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
E. Hyperkalemia - ANS-Answer: B, D: Hyponatremia, Hypomagnesemia
Rationale: Nasogastric losses are isotonic and comprise sodium. Thus, nasogastric suction can
cause hyponatremia. Nasogastric losses because of suctioning, diarrhea, and fistula drainage
can deplete magnesium stages.
A nurse is worrying for a purchaser who has a post-op ileus and an NG tube that has drained
2500 mL within the beyond 6 hours. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the
nurse display for?
A. Elevated sodium level
B. Decreased potassium stage
C. Elevated magnesium level
D. Decreased calcium stage - ANS-Answer: B.
Hypokalemia is an electrolyte imbalance wherein the serum potassium stage is less than 3.Five
mEq/L. Hypokalemia can be the result of diuretic use, diarrhea, vomiting, and
extended nasogastric suctioning
3. A nurse is watching a client who has acute alcohol intoxication. The nurse need to identify
that the patron is at chance for which of the following acid-base imbalances?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis - ANS-Answer: C.
Common reasons of metabolic acidosis include alcohol or ethanol intoxication,
diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoxia, kidney failure, diarrhea, and pancreatitis.
A purchaser is admitted inside the medical institution because of having lower than normal
potassium degree in her
bloodstream. Her scientific history well-knownshows vomiting and diarrhea previous to
hospitalization. Which
meals should the nurse coach the purchaser to boom?
A. Whole grains and nuts
b. Milk merchandise and inexperienced, leafy vegetables
c. Pork merchandise and canned greens
d. Orange juice and bananas - ANS-Answer: D
Rationale: The consumer with hypokalemia needs to increase the intake of meals excessive in
potassium.
Orange juice and bananas are high in potassium, along with raisins, apricots, avocados, beans,
and potatoes. Whole grains and nuts could be endorsed for the purchaser with
hypomagnesemia;
milk merchandise and green, leafy veggies are excellent assets of calcium for the customer with
hypocalcemia. Pork products and canned veggies are excessive in sodium and are encouraged
for
the customer with hyponatremia.
A nurse in a medical surgical unit is caring for a set of customers for which of the following
clients have to the nurse assume a prescription for fluid restriction ?
A: A purchaser who has a new prognosis of adrenal insufficiency.
B: A patron who has a heart failure.
C: A customer who's receiving remedy for diabetic ketoacidosis.
D: A client who has belly ascites. - ANS-Answer: B.
,The nurse have to count on a patron who has heart failure to require fluid and sodium restrict to
reduce the workload on the heart
A nurse is admitting a customer who reports nausea, vomiting and weak spot. The customer
has dry oral mucous membranes. Which of the following findings need to the nurse identify as
manifestations of fluid extent deficit? (Select all that follow.)
A.Decreased pores and skin turgor
B. Concentrated Urine
C. Bradycardia
D. Low-grade fever
E. Tachypnea - ANS-Answer: A, B, D, E.
Rationale: Decreased pores and skin turgor is because of the shortage of fluid in the body and
results from dryness of the skin. Concentrated urine is a manifestation of fluid quantity deficit.
Urine is concentrated because of lack of fluid inside the vascular machine. This reasons a
decrease in perfusion of the kidneys resulting in multiplied urine precise gravity. Low grade fever
is one of the frame's
methods to preserve homeostasis to make amends for the dearth of fluid in the body.
Tachypnea is the
body's way to acquire oxygen due to the dearth of fluid volume in the frame.
A nurse is assessing a client who is dehydrated for fluid quantity deficit. Which of the
subsequent findings need to the nurse anticipate inside the purchaser.
A. Wet pores and skin
B. Distended neck veins
C. Elevated urinary output
D. Tachycardia - ANS-Answer: D (Tachycardia)
Rationale: tachycardia is an attempt to keep blood pressure, a manifestation of fluid volume
deficit.
A nurse is assessing a purchaser who is receiving hydrochlorothiazide and notes that the
purchaser is
confused and lethargic. Which of the following laboratory values must the nurse record to the
provider?
A. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
B. Sodium 128 mEq/L
C. Potassium 4.Zero mEq/L
D. Phosphate 3.0 mg/dL - ANS-Answer: B. Sodium 128 mEq/L
Rationale: Normal sodium stages need to usually be between 135 to 145.
A nurse is assessing a pt who has hypokalemia as a result of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Which of the following findings must the nurse anticipate?
, A Hyperactive reflexes
B. Extreme thirst
C. Weak, irregular pulse
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds - ANS-Answer: C.
Common manifestations of potassium depletion encompass a vulnerable and abnormal pulse,
muscle weak point, fatigue, and ventricular dysrhythmias
A nurse is being concerned for a client who had CKD. The nurse need to display the client for
which of
the following manifestations of fluid overload?
A. Flat Neck Veins
B. Weak Pulse
C. Increased Hematocrit
D. Increased Blood Pressure - ANS-Answer: D.
The nurse must display the blood strain of a customer who has CKD. The patron who is
experiencing fluid overload because of CKD will take place an growth in blood pressure.
A nurse is being concerned for a purchaser who has a NG tube with low intermittent suctioning.
The nurse ought to display the client for which of the subsequent electrolyte imbalances?
(SATA)
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hyperphosphatemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
E. Hyperkalemia - ANS-Answer: B, D: Hyponatremia, Hypomagnesemia
Rationale: Nasogastric losses are isotonic and comprise sodium. Thus, nasogastric suction can
cause hyponatremia. Nasogastric losses because of suctioning, diarrhea, and fistula drainage
can deplete magnesium stages.
A nurse is worrying for a purchaser who has a post-op ileus and an NG tube that has drained
2500 mL within the beyond 6 hours. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the
nurse display for?
A. Elevated sodium level
B. Decreased potassium stage
C. Elevated magnesium level
D. Decreased calcium stage - ANS-Answer: B.
Hypokalemia is an electrolyte imbalance wherein the serum potassium stage is less than 3.Five
mEq/L. Hypokalemia can be the result of diuretic use, diarrhea, vomiting, and
extended nasogastric suctioning
