CH. 10: FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
A consumer comes into the emergency department (ED) by way of ambulance with a hip
fracture after slipping and falling at the same time as at domestic. The customer is alert and
orientated however aggravating and reviews thirst. The client's scholars are identical and
reactive to mild and lodging, and the heart charge is elevated. An indwelling urinary catheter is
inserted, and forty mL of urine is present. What is the nurse's maximum likely reason for the
purchaser's urinary output?
A. The purchaser urinated prior to arrival to the ED and will likely no longer want to have the
urinary catheter stored in location.
B. The consumer possibly has a stressful mind damage, lacks antidiuretic hormone, and needs
vasopressin.
C. The customer is experiencing symptoms of heart failure and is freeing atrial natriuretic
peptide, which results in reduced urine output.
D. The patron is having a sympathetic response, which has stimulated the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone gadget, which res - ANS-D
A client has wondered the nurse's management of intravenous (IV) normal saline, asking,
"Wouldn't sterile water be a more appropriate desire than saltwater?" Under what occasions
would the nurse administer electrolyte-unfastened water intravenously?
A. Never, as it hastily enters red blood cells, causing them to rupture.
B. When the client is seriously dehydrated, ensuing in neurologic signs and symptoms
C. When the consumer is in excess of calcium and/or magnesium ions
D. When a consumer's fluid volume deficit is because of acute or continual kidney disease -
ANS-A
A patron who is being dealt with for pneumonia reviews surprising shortness of breath. An
arterial blood fuel (ABG) is drawn. The ABG has the subsequent values: pH 7.21, PaCO2 64
mm Hg, HCO3 24 mm Hg. Which circumstance does the ABG replicate?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis - ANS-A
A consumer with a longstanding prognosis of generalized tension sickness affords to the
emergency room. The triage nurse notes upon assessment that the purchaser is
hyperventilating. The triage nurse is conscious that hyperventilation is the maximum
commonplace cause of which acid-base imbalance?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Increased PaCO2
D. Metabolic acidosis - ANS-B
A patron with high blood pressure has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. What nursing
action will first-class lessen the consumer's hazard for electrolyte disturbances?
, A. Maintain a low-sodium weight-reduction plan.
B. Encourage using over the counter calcium supplements.
C. Ensure the patron has enough potassium consumption.
D. Encourage fluid consumption. - ANS-C
A client with hypokalemia is to get hold of intravenous (IV) potassium replacement. Which
movement ought to the nurse take while administering potassium intravenously? Select all that
apply.
A. Administer potassium via IV push.
B. Assess blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine prior to potassium administration.
C. Monitor complete blood rely throughout potassium infusion.
D. Follow the power policy for infusion of potassium.
E. Report a reduced urinary output to the health care issuer. - ANS-B, D, E
A purchaser's maximum latest laboratory outcomes display a moderate lower in potassium. The
fitness care company has opted to forgo drug therapy but has recommended increasing the
patron's nutritional intake of potassium. What must the nurse recommend?
A. Apples
B. Fish
C. Rice
D. Bananas - ANS-D
A gerontologic nurse is teaching college students approximately the high prevalence and
occurrence of dehydration in older adults. Which factors contribute to this phenomenon? Select
all that follow.
A. Decreased kidney mass
B. Increased conservation of sodium
C. Increased total frame water
D. Decreased renal blood go with the flow
E. Decreased excretion of potassium - ANS-A, D, E
A scientific nurse educator is reviewing a consumer's latest episode of metabolic acidosis with
individuals of the nursing workforce. What need to the educator describe approximately the
function of the kidneys in metabolic acidosis?
A. The kidneys preserve hydrogen ions and excrete bicarbonate ions to assist repair balance.
B. The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to assist repair stability.
C. The kidneys react rapidly to catch up on imbalances within the body.
D. The kidneys modify the bicarbonate degree in the intracellular fluid. - ANS-B
A nurse in the neurologic ICU has obtained a prescription to infuse a hypertonic solution right
into a client with extended intracranial stress. This solution will growth the variety of dissolved
debris inside the customer's blood, growing stress for fluids inside the tissues to shift into the
capillaries and growth the blood quantity. This technique is high-quality defined with which of the
following terms?
A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Osmosis and osmolality
C. Diffusion
D. Active transport - ANS-B
A consumer comes into the emergency department (ED) by way of ambulance with a hip
fracture after slipping and falling at the same time as at domestic. The customer is alert and
orientated however aggravating and reviews thirst. The client's scholars are identical and
reactive to mild and lodging, and the heart charge is elevated. An indwelling urinary catheter is
inserted, and forty mL of urine is present. What is the nurse's maximum likely reason for the
purchaser's urinary output?
A. The purchaser urinated prior to arrival to the ED and will likely no longer want to have the
urinary catheter stored in location.
B. The consumer possibly has a stressful mind damage, lacks antidiuretic hormone, and needs
vasopressin.
C. The customer is experiencing symptoms of heart failure and is freeing atrial natriuretic
peptide, which results in reduced urine output.
D. The patron is having a sympathetic response, which has stimulated the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone gadget, which res - ANS-D
A client has wondered the nurse's management of intravenous (IV) normal saline, asking,
"Wouldn't sterile water be a more appropriate desire than saltwater?" Under what occasions
would the nurse administer electrolyte-unfastened water intravenously?
A. Never, as it hastily enters red blood cells, causing them to rupture.
B. When the client is seriously dehydrated, ensuing in neurologic signs and symptoms
C. When the consumer is in excess of calcium and/or magnesium ions
D. When a consumer's fluid volume deficit is because of acute or continual kidney disease -
ANS-A
A patron who is being dealt with for pneumonia reviews surprising shortness of breath. An
arterial blood fuel (ABG) is drawn. The ABG has the subsequent values: pH 7.21, PaCO2 64
mm Hg, HCO3 24 mm Hg. Which circumstance does the ABG replicate?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis - ANS-A
A consumer with a longstanding prognosis of generalized tension sickness affords to the
emergency room. The triage nurse notes upon assessment that the purchaser is
hyperventilating. The triage nurse is conscious that hyperventilation is the maximum
commonplace cause of which acid-base imbalance?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Increased PaCO2
D. Metabolic acidosis - ANS-B
A patron with high blood pressure has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. What nursing
action will first-class lessen the consumer's hazard for electrolyte disturbances?
, A. Maintain a low-sodium weight-reduction plan.
B. Encourage using over the counter calcium supplements.
C. Ensure the patron has enough potassium consumption.
D. Encourage fluid consumption. - ANS-C
A client with hypokalemia is to get hold of intravenous (IV) potassium replacement. Which
movement ought to the nurse take while administering potassium intravenously? Select all that
apply.
A. Administer potassium via IV push.
B. Assess blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine prior to potassium administration.
C. Monitor complete blood rely throughout potassium infusion.
D. Follow the power policy for infusion of potassium.
E. Report a reduced urinary output to the health care issuer. - ANS-B, D, E
A purchaser's maximum latest laboratory outcomes display a moderate lower in potassium. The
fitness care company has opted to forgo drug therapy but has recommended increasing the
patron's nutritional intake of potassium. What must the nurse recommend?
A. Apples
B. Fish
C. Rice
D. Bananas - ANS-D
A gerontologic nurse is teaching college students approximately the high prevalence and
occurrence of dehydration in older adults. Which factors contribute to this phenomenon? Select
all that follow.
A. Decreased kidney mass
B. Increased conservation of sodium
C. Increased total frame water
D. Decreased renal blood go with the flow
E. Decreased excretion of potassium - ANS-A, D, E
A scientific nurse educator is reviewing a consumer's latest episode of metabolic acidosis with
individuals of the nursing workforce. What need to the educator describe approximately the
function of the kidneys in metabolic acidosis?
A. The kidneys preserve hydrogen ions and excrete bicarbonate ions to assist repair balance.
B. The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to assist repair stability.
C. The kidneys react rapidly to catch up on imbalances within the body.
D. The kidneys modify the bicarbonate degree in the intracellular fluid. - ANS-B
A nurse in the neurologic ICU has obtained a prescription to infuse a hypertonic solution right
into a client with extended intracranial stress. This solution will growth the variety of dissolved
debris inside the customer's blood, growing stress for fluids inside the tissues to shift into the
capillaries and growth the blood quantity. This technique is high-quality defined with which of the
following terms?
A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Osmosis and osmolality
C. Diffusion
D. Active transport - ANS-B
