AQA GCSE Chemistry - Paper 1
What is the charge of a proton? - ANS- +1
What is the charge of a neutron? - ANS- 0
What is the charge of an electron? - ANS- -1
What is the relative mass of a proton? - ANS- 1
What is the relative mass of a neutron? - ANS- 1
What is the relative mass of an electron? - ANS- Very small
How many types of atoms do elements contain? - ANS- Only one type
What are compounds? - ANS- Substances containing two or more different elements
that are chemically bonded together
What are mixtures? - ANS- Substances containing two or more different elements that
are not chemically bonded together
What pattern is formed from carrying out paper chromatography? - ANS- Chromatogram
Which method of separation is useful to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid? -
ANS- Filtration
Which method of separation is useful to separate a soluble solid from a liquid? - ANS-
Evaporation or Crystillisation
Which method of distillation separates liquids with similar boiling points? - ANS-
Fractional distillation
Who discovered that the plum pudding model was wrong? - ANS- Ernest Rutherford
Who devised an experiment that proved the existence of the neutron? - ANS- Niels Bohr
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his Table of Elements? - ANS- To ensure that elements
with similar properties stayed in the same groups. The gaps indicated the existence of
undiscovered elements and allowed Mendeleev to predict what their properties might be
,How are the group number and the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element
related? - ANS- The group number tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell of
an element. E.g. sodium is in Group 1 therefore it has 1 electron on its outer shell
What kind of ions do metals form? - ANS- Positive
Where are the non-metals on the periodic table? - ANS- On the right hand side
Give three properties which are specific to transition metals - ANS- 1) They can form
more than one ion e.g cobalt form Co2+
2) They are often coloured, therefore compounds which contain them are colourful e.g.
potassium chromate is yellow
3) They often make good catalysts e.g. nickel based catalysts are used in the
hydrogenation of alkenes
State three trends as you go down Group 1 - ANS- 1) Increased reactivity - the outer
electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and the electron
decreases because the electron is further away from the nucleus
2) Lower melting and boiling points
3) Higher relative atomic mass
What are the products of the reaction of a Group 1 metal and water - ANS- Hydrogen gas
and a metal hydroxide
E.g. sodium + water --> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
What's the difference between the hardness of Group 1 and transition metals? - ANS-
Transition metals are harder, denser and stronger than Group 1 metals
What's the difference between the reactivity of Group 1 and transition metals? - ANS-
Group 1 metals are much more reactive than transition metals
What's the difference between the melting points of Group 1 and transition metals? -
ANS- Transition metals have higher melting points than Group 1 metals
What trends occur as you go down Group 7? - ANS- 1) They become less reactive - it's
harder to gain an extra electron because the outer shell's further from the nucleus
2) They have higher melting and boiling points
3) They have higher relative atomic masses
What is the charge of the ions that halogens form when they react with metals? - ANS-
They form negative ions
What is the trend in boiling point as you go down Group 0? - ANS- The boiling points
increase
, What subatomic particles does the nucleus contain? - ANS- Protons and neutrons
What is relative atomic mass? - ANS- The mass number which refers to the element as a
whole
How are positive ions formed? - ANS- A metal atom loses electrons
How are negative ions formed? - ANS- A non-metal gains electrons
What is air a mixture of? - ANS- Gases, mainly nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and
argon
What is crude oil a mixture of? - ANS- Different length hydrocarbon molecules
How can you separate substances in a mixture? - ANS- Chromatography
What is simple distillation used for? - ANS- Separating out a liquid from a solution
E.g. separating pure water from seawater
How were elements arranged in the early 1800s? - ANS- By their physical and chemical
properties and their relative atomic mass
How are columns arranged? - ANS- Elements with similar properties
What are the three similar basic properties of metals? - ANS- 1) They're strong but are
malleable
2) They're great at conducting heat and electricity
3) They have high boiling and melting points
What is the product of the reaction of a Group 1 metal with chlorine? - ANS- A metal
chloride salt
E.g. sodium + chlorine --> sodium chloride
What is the product of the reaction of a Group 1 metal with oxygen? - ANS- A metal
oxide, depending on the Group 1 metal
-Lithium + oxygen --> lithium oxide
-Sodium + oxygen --> sodium oxide + sodium peroxide
-Potassium + oxygen --> potassium peroxide + potassium superoxide
What are halogens? - ANS- Non-metals in Group 7 with coloured vapours
What colour is fluorine? - ANS- A very reactive, poisonous yellow gas
What is the charge of a proton? - ANS- +1
What is the charge of a neutron? - ANS- 0
What is the charge of an electron? - ANS- -1
What is the relative mass of a proton? - ANS- 1
What is the relative mass of a neutron? - ANS- 1
What is the relative mass of an electron? - ANS- Very small
How many types of atoms do elements contain? - ANS- Only one type
What are compounds? - ANS- Substances containing two or more different elements
that are chemically bonded together
What are mixtures? - ANS- Substances containing two or more different elements that
are not chemically bonded together
What pattern is formed from carrying out paper chromatography? - ANS- Chromatogram
Which method of separation is useful to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid? -
ANS- Filtration
Which method of separation is useful to separate a soluble solid from a liquid? - ANS-
Evaporation or Crystillisation
Which method of distillation separates liquids with similar boiling points? - ANS-
Fractional distillation
Who discovered that the plum pudding model was wrong? - ANS- Ernest Rutherford
Who devised an experiment that proved the existence of the neutron? - ANS- Niels Bohr
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his Table of Elements? - ANS- To ensure that elements
with similar properties stayed in the same groups. The gaps indicated the existence of
undiscovered elements and allowed Mendeleev to predict what their properties might be
,How are the group number and the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element
related? - ANS- The group number tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell of
an element. E.g. sodium is in Group 1 therefore it has 1 electron on its outer shell
What kind of ions do metals form? - ANS- Positive
Where are the non-metals on the periodic table? - ANS- On the right hand side
Give three properties which are specific to transition metals - ANS- 1) They can form
more than one ion e.g cobalt form Co2+
2) They are often coloured, therefore compounds which contain them are colourful e.g.
potassium chromate is yellow
3) They often make good catalysts e.g. nickel based catalysts are used in the
hydrogenation of alkenes
State three trends as you go down Group 1 - ANS- 1) Increased reactivity - the outer
electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and the electron
decreases because the electron is further away from the nucleus
2) Lower melting and boiling points
3) Higher relative atomic mass
What are the products of the reaction of a Group 1 metal and water - ANS- Hydrogen gas
and a metal hydroxide
E.g. sodium + water --> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
What's the difference between the hardness of Group 1 and transition metals? - ANS-
Transition metals are harder, denser and stronger than Group 1 metals
What's the difference between the reactivity of Group 1 and transition metals? - ANS-
Group 1 metals are much more reactive than transition metals
What's the difference between the melting points of Group 1 and transition metals? -
ANS- Transition metals have higher melting points than Group 1 metals
What trends occur as you go down Group 7? - ANS- 1) They become less reactive - it's
harder to gain an extra electron because the outer shell's further from the nucleus
2) They have higher melting and boiling points
3) They have higher relative atomic masses
What is the charge of the ions that halogens form when they react with metals? - ANS-
They form negative ions
What is the trend in boiling point as you go down Group 0? - ANS- The boiling points
increase
, What subatomic particles does the nucleus contain? - ANS- Protons and neutrons
What is relative atomic mass? - ANS- The mass number which refers to the element as a
whole
How are positive ions formed? - ANS- A metal atom loses electrons
How are negative ions formed? - ANS- A non-metal gains electrons
What is air a mixture of? - ANS- Gases, mainly nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and
argon
What is crude oil a mixture of? - ANS- Different length hydrocarbon molecules
How can you separate substances in a mixture? - ANS- Chromatography
What is simple distillation used for? - ANS- Separating out a liquid from a solution
E.g. separating pure water from seawater
How were elements arranged in the early 1800s? - ANS- By their physical and chemical
properties and their relative atomic mass
How are columns arranged? - ANS- Elements with similar properties
What are the three similar basic properties of metals? - ANS- 1) They're strong but are
malleable
2) They're great at conducting heat and electricity
3) They have high boiling and melting points
What is the product of the reaction of a Group 1 metal with chlorine? - ANS- A metal
chloride salt
E.g. sodium + chlorine --> sodium chloride
What is the product of the reaction of a Group 1 metal with oxygen? - ANS- A metal
oxide, depending on the Group 1 metal
-Lithium + oxygen --> lithium oxide
-Sodium + oxygen --> sodium oxide + sodium peroxide
-Potassium + oxygen --> potassium peroxide + potassium superoxide
What are halogens? - ANS- Non-metals in Group 7 with coloured vapours
What colour is fluorine? - ANS- A very reactive, poisonous yellow gas
