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Psych Study Guide # 1
Timeline:
348-322 BC Socrates/Plato/Aristotle: Heart is the seat of thought, heart connected thought and
reason
1649 Decartes Mind body dualism
1774 Mesmer: scammer healing by inner magnetic forces
1859 Darwin theory originated
1879 Wundt Father of psych; 1st lab and first psych textbook
1939-1945 WW2
1940-1950 Rise of social psychology
1950 Rise of Humanistic Psych
DSM published in 1952
1956 cognitive psychology: Information processing mind is like a computer, gather, code store
information.
1998 Positive psych: optimal human functioning.
Ch 1: Important figures
Wundt- structuralism- The father of Psychology. introspection. Understanding structures or
characteristics of the mind. Fell out of favor after Titchner death. 1879 First lab, first textbook
in Psych: Principles of Physiological Psych, began to study reaction time. What makes up the
mind? Break down the mind like a chemist breaks down matter. View: Functionalism is
“Literature rather than science”
James- functionalism- Father of American Psych. introspection. Study of function of behavior in
the world.
The Principals of Psychology: deemed one of the most important books. Opposed
structuralism. Why do we behave the way we do? Objected to introspection. Human
, 2
interaction, purpose of thought. Stream of consciousness. Why is out thought adaptive??
“Structuralism had plenty of school but no thought”
Freud- 1900’s Europe: psychoanalytic theory, unconsciousness and how childhood experiences
effect one’s life/ dream analysis. Modern interpretations have been empirically proven
effective. Unconscious aspects of self. Voyage of self-discovery. Rise of psychoanalytic.
Considered controversial and nonscientific. Id/ego/super ego. Lead to psycho dynamic
perspective. Driven by unconscious impulses
Wertimer/Koffa/ Kholer/ Gestalt- humanistic theory to treat person as whole. Rise of
behaviorism and challenges face, yet some influential today. Also hold an aspect that
unconsciousness plays a role. Continues to influence sensation and perception research.
Pavlov/ Watson/ Skinner- 1919: Behaviorism- conditioned reflex, learned behavior to produce
unconscious response to other stimuli. Classical conditioning- behaviorism. Watson believed
the study of consciousness was flawed. Father of behaviorism. Cognitive behavioral therapy.
Rewards and punishments. No interest in thought or feelings. Behavior should be observed
and studied, premise how has childhood influenced behavior. (Ex: alcoholic…put some
chemical in drink…you drink it…you get sick…learned behavior stop drinking) Observable
stimuli…observable problem
Skinner- behaviorist- reward vs consequence. How behavior was linked to reward
/consequence. Operant conditioning aka Skinner box, Positive and negative reinforcement.
Maslow/ Rogers: 1950’s Humanism- Control, Intentionality, Premise that human nature is
“good” by default. Maslow: hierarchy of needs. A person’s basic needs must be met starting
with food/ clothing and shelter as base. Premise that there are basic needs that are essential
to life and if those needs are unmet, it prevents one from being the best version of themselves.
Base up: Physiological/ safety and security/Social (feeling of belonging)/ SelfSelf-esteem/ Self-
actualization. People can choose to live by higher human values
Client centered therapy: focus on client taking control. People are capable to work
through issues.
Rogers 3 things positive regards, genuineness and empathy needed to be effective as a
therapist.
Chomsky felt behaviorism was one sided. Cognitive revolution, interdisciplinary
approach!
Sumner: 1st African American to obtain a degree in psychology.
, 3
Darwin: theory of evolution / natural Selection/ survival of the fittest. Revolutionaries
focus on predicting outcome of a behavior given a specific situation.
Piaget had his own theories about changes in cognition as we age.
Asch/Zimbardo: social psychology Asch: studies on conformity, Zimbardo: prison experiment
Psyche: soul, the essence of
***We aim for transcendental awareness.
Types of psychology
Multicultural Psychology: culture plays a major role in influences social norms
Social: how we interact with others. How we explain our behaviors vs others.
Health: Biopsychologists focus on relationship between physical being and psychological
disease. Bio psychology model: best self = active care and participation, motivate people to
address behaviors that contribute to poorer health.
Biopsychology/ Evolutionary Psych: How biology influences behavior. Are we predisposed to
certain behaviors or actions? Biopsychologists focus on studying the brain and nervous system
Cognitive psych: broad in its scope. Studying cognition and thought.
Developmental: growth across the lifespan object permanence is an example “just because
you can’t see it doesn’t mean it’s not there. Developmental Psychologists study how people
chg. and grow across the life span.
Clinical: addresses diagnosis and treatment of disorders. Thought’s emotions and behavior are
intertwined. Clinical Psychologists specialize in dx and tx of abnormal behavior
Neuropsychology: Focus is on nervous system; the mind is a result of the brain.
Psych Study Guide # 1
Timeline:
348-322 BC Socrates/Plato/Aristotle: Heart is the seat of thought, heart connected thought and
reason
1649 Decartes Mind body dualism
1774 Mesmer: scammer healing by inner magnetic forces
1859 Darwin theory originated
1879 Wundt Father of psych; 1st lab and first psych textbook
1939-1945 WW2
1940-1950 Rise of social psychology
1950 Rise of Humanistic Psych
DSM published in 1952
1956 cognitive psychology: Information processing mind is like a computer, gather, code store
information.
1998 Positive psych: optimal human functioning.
Ch 1: Important figures
Wundt- structuralism- The father of Psychology. introspection. Understanding structures or
characteristics of the mind. Fell out of favor after Titchner death. 1879 First lab, first textbook
in Psych: Principles of Physiological Psych, began to study reaction time. What makes up the
mind? Break down the mind like a chemist breaks down matter. View: Functionalism is
“Literature rather than science”
James- functionalism- Father of American Psych. introspection. Study of function of behavior in
the world.
The Principals of Psychology: deemed one of the most important books. Opposed
structuralism. Why do we behave the way we do? Objected to introspection. Human
, 2
interaction, purpose of thought. Stream of consciousness. Why is out thought adaptive??
“Structuralism had plenty of school but no thought”
Freud- 1900’s Europe: psychoanalytic theory, unconsciousness and how childhood experiences
effect one’s life/ dream analysis. Modern interpretations have been empirically proven
effective. Unconscious aspects of self. Voyage of self-discovery. Rise of psychoanalytic.
Considered controversial and nonscientific. Id/ego/super ego. Lead to psycho dynamic
perspective. Driven by unconscious impulses
Wertimer/Koffa/ Kholer/ Gestalt- humanistic theory to treat person as whole. Rise of
behaviorism and challenges face, yet some influential today. Also hold an aspect that
unconsciousness plays a role. Continues to influence sensation and perception research.
Pavlov/ Watson/ Skinner- 1919: Behaviorism- conditioned reflex, learned behavior to produce
unconscious response to other stimuli. Classical conditioning- behaviorism. Watson believed
the study of consciousness was flawed. Father of behaviorism. Cognitive behavioral therapy.
Rewards and punishments. No interest in thought or feelings. Behavior should be observed
and studied, premise how has childhood influenced behavior. (Ex: alcoholic…put some
chemical in drink…you drink it…you get sick…learned behavior stop drinking) Observable
stimuli…observable problem
Skinner- behaviorist- reward vs consequence. How behavior was linked to reward
/consequence. Operant conditioning aka Skinner box, Positive and negative reinforcement.
Maslow/ Rogers: 1950’s Humanism- Control, Intentionality, Premise that human nature is
“good” by default. Maslow: hierarchy of needs. A person’s basic needs must be met starting
with food/ clothing and shelter as base. Premise that there are basic needs that are essential
to life and if those needs are unmet, it prevents one from being the best version of themselves.
Base up: Physiological/ safety and security/Social (feeling of belonging)/ SelfSelf-esteem/ Self-
actualization. People can choose to live by higher human values
Client centered therapy: focus on client taking control. People are capable to work
through issues.
Rogers 3 things positive regards, genuineness and empathy needed to be effective as a
therapist.
Chomsky felt behaviorism was one sided. Cognitive revolution, interdisciplinary
approach!
Sumner: 1st African American to obtain a degree in psychology.
, 3
Darwin: theory of evolution / natural Selection/ survival of the fittest. Revolutionaries
focus on predicting outcome of a behavior given a specific situation.
Piaget had his own theories about changes in cognition as we age.
Asch/Zimbardo: social psychology Asch: studies on conformity, Zimbardo: prison experiment
Psyche: soul, the essence of
***We aim for transcendental awareness.
Types of psychology
Multicultural Psychology: culture plays a major role in influences social norms
Social: how we interact with others. How we explain our behaviors vs others.
Health: Biopsychologists focus on relationship between physical being and psychological
disease. Bio psychology model: best self = active care and participation, motivate people to
address behaviors that contribute to poorer health.
Biopsychology/ Evolutionary Psych: How biology influences behavior. Are we predisposed to
certain behaviors or actions? Biopsychologists focus on studying the brain and nervous system
Cognitive psych: broad in its scope. Studying cognition and thought.
Developmental: growth across the lifespan object permanence is an example “just because
you can’t see it doesn’t mean it’s not there. Developmental Psychologists study how people
chg. and grow across the life span.
Clinical: addresses diagnosis and treatment of disorders. Thought’s emotions and behavior are
intertwined. Clinical Psychologists specialize in dx and tx of abnormal behavior
Neuropsychology: Focus is on nervous system; the mind is a result of the brain.
