Varcarolis’ Foundations of Psychiatric-Mental
Health Nursing
A Clinical Approach
EIGHTH EDITION
Margaret (Peggy) Jordan Halter, PhD, APRN
Clinical Nurse Specialist, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio
Adjunct Faculty, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
2
, Humanistic Theories
Biological Theories and Therapies
Developmental Theories
Conclusion
Table of Contents Key Points to Remember
Critical Thinking
Cover image
3. Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology
Structure and Function of the Brain
Title page
Action of Psychotropic Drugs
Key Points to Remember
Copyright
Critical Thinking
Dedication Unit II. Foundations for Practice
Acknowledgments 4. Treatment Settings
Background
Contributor List Continuum of Care
Outpatient Care Settings
Reviewers Prevention in Outpatient Care
Outpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care
To the Instructor
Inpatient Care Settings
Considerations for Inpatient Care
To the Student
Inpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care
Unit I. Foundations in Theory Specialty Treatment Settings
Key Points to Remember
1. Mental Health and Mental Illness
Critical Thinking
Mental Health and Mental Illness
Mental Health Continuum
5. Cultural Implications
Risk and Protective Factors
Minority Status, Race, Ethnicity, and Culture
Legislation and Mental Health Funding
Demographic Shifts in the United States
Epidemiology of Mental Disorders
Basic Worldviews
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
Impact of Culture
Future Issues for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses
Cultural Barriers to Mental Health Services
Advocacy and Legislative Involvement
Populations at Risk for Mental Illness and Inadequate Care
Key Points to Remember
Culturally Competent Care
Critical Thinking
Key Points to Remember
Critical Thinking
2. Theories and Therapies
Psychoanalytic Theories and Therapies
6. Legal and Ethical Considerations
Interpersonal Theories and Therapies
Ethical Concepts
Behavioral Theories and Therapies
Mental Health Laws
Cognitive Theories and Therapies
Admission and Discharge Procedures
3 4
, Patients’ Rights Under the Law Mediators of the Stress Response
Laws Relevant to Psychiatric Nursing Nursing Management of Stress Responses
Standards for Nursing Care Other Ways to Relax
Acting on Questionable Practice Key Points to Remember
Documentation of Care Critical Thinking
Forensic Nursing
Unit IV. Psychobiological Disorders
Violence in the Psychiatric Setting
Key Points to Remember
11. Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Critical Thinking
Risk Factors
Unit III. Psychosocial Nursing Tools Health Policy
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
7. The Nursing Process and Standards of Care Application of the Nursing Process
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 1: Assessment Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Clinical Picture
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 2: Diagnosis Communication Disorders
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 3: Outcomes Identification Motor Disorders
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 4: Planning TIC Disorders
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 5: Implementation Specific Learning Disorder
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 6: Evaluation Intellectual Disability
Documentation Application of the Nursing Process
Key Points To Remember Diagnosis
Critical Thinking Outcomes Identification
Implementation
8. Therapeutic Relationships Evaluation
Concepts of the Nurse-Patient Relationship Autism Spectrum Disorder
A Focus on Self-Awareness Application of the Nursing Process
Peplau’s Model of the Nurse-Patient Relationship Diagnosis
Factors that Promote Patients’ Growth Outcomes Identification
Key Points to Remember Implementation
Critical Thinking Evaluation
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
9. Therapeutic Communication Application of the Nursing Process
Introduction Diagnosis
The Communication Process Outcomes Identification
Factors that Affect Communication Implementation
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Evaluation
Communication Skills for Nurses Quality Improvement
The Clinical Interview Key Points to Remember
Key Points to Remember Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking
12. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
10. Stress Responses and Stress Management Delusional Disorder
Responses to and Effects of Stress Brief Psychotic Disorder
5 6
, Schizophreniform Disorder Implementation
Schizoaffective Disorder Psychobiolocial Interventions
Substance Induced Psychotic Disorder and Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Biological Interventions
Schizophrenia Evaluation
Epidemiology Quality Improvement
Comorbidity Key Points to Remember
Risk Factors Critical Thinking
Application of the Nursing Process
Diagnosis 15. Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Outcomes Identification Anxiety
Planning Levels of Anxiety
Implementation Defenses Against Anxiety
Evaluation Anxiety Disorders
Quality Improvement Clinical Picture
Key Points to Remember Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Critical Thinking Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
13. Bipolar and Related Disorders Diagnosis
Clinical Picture Outcomes Identification
Epidemiology Planning
Comorbidity Implementation
Risk Factors Evaluation
Application of the Nursing Process Quality Improvement
Diagnosis Key Points to Remember
Outcomes Identification Critical Thinking
Planning
Implementation 16. Trauma, Stressor-Related, and Dissociative Disorders
Psychopharmacological Interventions Trauma-Related Disorders in Children
Evaluation Clinical Picture
Quality Improvement Epidemiology
Key Points to Remember Comorbidity
Critical Thinking Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
14. Depressive Disorders Diagnosis
Major Depressive Disorder Outcomes Identification
Epidemiology Implementation
Comorbidity Evaluation
Risk Factors Attachment Disorders
Application of the Nursing Process Trauma-Related Disorders in Adults
Diagnosis Epidemiology
Outcomes Identification Comorbidity
Planning Risk Factors
7 8
Health Nursing
A Clinical Approach
EIGHTH EDITION
Margaret (Peggy) Jordan Halter, PhD, APRN
Clinical Nurse Specialist, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio
Adjunct Faculty, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
2
, Humanistic Theories
Biological Theories and Therapies
Developmental Theories
Conclusion
Table of Contents Key Points to Remember
Critical Thinking
Cover image
3. Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology
Structure and Function of the Brain
Title page
Action of Psychotropic Drugs
Key Points to Remember
Copyright
Critical Thinking
Dedication Unit II. Foundations for Practice
Acknowledgments 4. Treatment Settings
Background
Contributor List Continuum of Care
Outpatient Care Settings
Reviewers Prevention in Outpatient Care
Outpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care
To the Instructor
Inpatient Care Settings
Considerations for Inpatient Care
To the Student
Inpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care
Unit I. Foundations in Theory Specialty Treatment Settings
Key Points to Remember
1. Mental Health and Mental Illness
Critical Thinking
Mental Health and Mental Illness
Mental Health Continuum
5. Cultural Implications
Risk and Protective Factors
Minority Status, Race, Ethnicity, and Culture
Legislation and Mental Health Funding
Demographic Shifts in the United States
Epidemiology of Mental Disorders
Basic Worldviews
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
Impact of Culture
Future Issues for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses
Cultural Barriers to Mental Health Services
Advocacy and Legislative Involvement
Populations at Risk for Mental Illness and Inadequate Care
Key Points to Remember
Culturally Competent Care
Critical Thinking
Key Points to Remember
Critical Thinking
2. Theories and Therapies
Psychoanalytic Theories and Therapies
6. Legal and Ethical Considerations
Interpersonal Theories and Therapies
Ethical Concepts
Behavioral Theories and Therapies
Mental Health Laws
Cognitive Theories and Therapies
Admission and Discharge Procedures
3 4
, Patients’ Rights Under the Law Mediators of the Stress Response
Laws Relevant to Psychiatric Nursing Nursing Management of Stress Responses
Standards for Nursing Care Other Ways to Relax
Acting on Questionable Practice Key Points to Remember
Documentation of Care Critical Thinking
Forensic Nursing
Unit IV. Psychobiological Disorders
Violence in the Psychiatric Setting
Key Points to Remember
11. Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Critical Thinking
Risk Factors
Unit III. Psychosocial Nursing Tools Health Policy
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
7. The Nursing Process and Standards of Care Application of the Nursing Process
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 1: Assessment Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Clinical Picture
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 2: Diagnosis Communication Disorders
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 3: Outcomes Identification Motor Disorders
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 4: Planning TIC Disorders
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 5: Implementation Specific Learning Disorder
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Standard 6: Evaluation Intellectual Disability
Documentation Application of the Nursing Process
Key Points To Remember Diagnosis
Critical Thinking Outcomes Identification
Implementation
8. Therapeutic Relationships Evaluation
Concepts of the Nurse-Patient Relationship Autism Spectrum Disorder
A Focus on Self-Awareness Application of the Nursing Process
Peplau’s Model of the Nurse-Patient Relationship Diagnosis
Factors that Promote Patients’ Growth Outcomes Identification
Key Points to Remember Implementation
Critical Thinking Evaluation
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
9. Therapeutic Communication Application of the Nursing Process
Introduction Diagnosis
The Communication Process Outcomes Identification
Factors that Affect Communication Implementation
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Evaluation
Communication Skills for Nurses Quality Improvement
The Clinical Interview Key Points to Remember
Key Points to Remember Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking
12. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
10. Stress Responses and Stress Management Delusional Disorder
Responses to and Effects of Stress Brief Psychotic Disorder
5 6
, Schizophreniform Disorder Implementation
Schizoaffective Disorder Psychobiolocial Interventions
Substance Induced Psychotic Disorder and Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Biological Interventions
Schizophrenia Evaluation
Epidemiology Quality Improvement
Comorbidity Key Points to Remember
Risk Factors Critical Thinking
Application of the Nursing Process
Diagnosis 15. Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Outcomes Identification Anxiety
Planning Levels of Anxiety
Implementation Defenses Against Anxiety
Evaluation Anxiety Disorders
Quality Improvement Clinical Picture
Key Points to Remember Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Critical Thinking Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
13. Bipolar and Related Disorders Diagnosis
Clinical Picture Outcomes Identification
Epidemiology Planning
Comorbidity Implementation
Risk Factors Evaluation
Application of the Nursing Process Quality Improvement
Diagnosis Key Points to Remember
Outcomes Identification Critical Thinking
Planning
Implementation 16. Trauma, Stressor-Related, and Dissociative Disorders
Psychopharmacological Interventions Trauma-Related Disorders in Children
Evaluation Clinical Picture
Quality Improvement Epidemiology
Key Points to Remember Comorbidity
Critical Thinking Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
14. Depressive Disorders Diagnosis
Major Depressive Disorder Outcomes Identification
Epidemiology Implementation
Comorbidity Evaluation
Risk Factors Attachment Disorders
Application of the Nursing Process Trauma-Related Disorders in Adults
Diagnosis Epidemiology
Outcomes Identification Comorbidity
Planning Risk Factors
7 8
