HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Evolution of Health Informatics ANS: D
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The historical roots of computer science can be traced to:
a. language development, especially English.
b. mathematics and engineering.
c. library science.
d. medicine and nursing.
ANS: B
The historical roots of computer science can be traced back to mathematics and engineering.
The historical roots of information science began in library science. Language development and
medicine and nursing are not the roots of computer science.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 3
2. The historical roots of information science can be traced to:
a. language development, especially English.
b. mathematics and engineering.
c. library science.
d. medicine and nursing.
ANS: C
The historical roots of information science began in library science. The historical roots of
computer science can be traced back to mathematics and engineering. Language development
and medicine and nursing are not the roots of information science.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: pp. 3-4
3. The first book to include the term nursing informatics in the title was written in the:
a. 1960s.
b. 1970s.
c. 1980s.
d. 1990s.
ANS: C
The first book to include the term nursing informatics in the title was published in 1988.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 6
4. As knowledge develops and expands within a discipline, which information source will include
the oldest but best organized representation of that knowledge?
a. Conference presentations
b. Conference proceedings
c. Journal articles
d. Books
1 2
,HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK
The information source that includes the oldest but best organized representation of knowledge b. To be certified in clinical informatics in association with AMIA, one must first be a
is books. physician.
c. There are no specific educational requirements for CPHIMS certification through
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 5 HIMSS, but three years of full-time clinical experience in health IT is required.
d. To be certified as CPHIMS, you must be a nurse.
5. Which technical development created a tension between centralized and decentralized computer
management in healthcare? ANS: B
a. The development of punch cards To be certified in clinical informatics in association with AMIA, one must first be a physician.
b. The elimination of punch cards You do not need to have an MSN to sit for the NI exam by the ANCC. There are specific
c. The development of the mainframe computer requirements for CPHIMS, but being a nurse is not one of them.
d. The development of the personal computer
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 11
ANS: D
The development of the personal computer created tension between centralized and MULTIPLE RESPONSE
decentralized computer management in healthcare. The other responses highlight aspects of
decentralized computer management. 9. The term informatics is derived from: (Select all that apply.)
a. Dutch.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 3 b. English.
c. Russian.
6. Which of the following is not a member organization but rather a group of organizations?
d. Arabic.
a. AMIA
e. French.
b. HIMSS
c. AHIMA ANS: B, C, E
d. ANI The term informatics was derived from the following languages: English, Russian, and French.
ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 4
The Alliance for Nursing Informatics (ANI) is an organization of organizations. This is not a
member group. AMIA, HIMSS, and AHIMA are all member groups. 10. When the AMIA model is used, which subfields are categorized as clinical informatics? (Select
all that apply.)
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 7 a. Medical informatics
b. Nursing informatics
7. Which statement concerning educational programs in health informatics is correct?
c. Dental informatics
a. All health informatics programs are offered at the graduate level.
d. Chemical informatics
b. Informatics programs offered by medical schools always require students to have
e. Business informatics
earned an MD for admission.
c. All health informatics programs are located within health-related departments or ANS: A, B, C
schools such as nursing, medicine, or pharmacy. When the AMIA model is used, the following disciplines are categorized as clinical informatics:
d. Health informatics programs range from certificate programs offered at the medical informatics, nursing informatics, and dental informatics. The other responses are not
community college level to post-doctoral programs offered at major research clinically related.
institutions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 14
ANS: D
The correct response is health informatics programs range from certificate programs offered at
the community college level to post-doctoral programs offered at major research institutions.
Not all informatics programs require an MD, are at the graduate level, or are located within
schools of health sciences.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: pp. 9-10
8. Which statement related to certification in health informatics is correct?
a. A master’s in nursing is required to sit for the NI examination offered by ANCC.
3 4
, HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK
Chapter 2: Theoretical Foundations of Health Informatics a. a minor change in input can create a major change in output, or a major change in
Test Bank input can result in minor changes in output.
b. a major change in input will create a major change in output, and a minor change in
input will create minor changes in output.
MULTIPLE CHOICE c. a minor change in input can create a minor change in output; however, a major
change in input will result in minor changes in output.
1. What is the primary difference between an open and closed system? d. a minor change in input may create a major change in output; however, a major
a. An open system has no boundary, and therefore there are no limits to the inputs and change in input will create a major change in output.
outputs between an open system and the environment.
b. An open system has a semipermeable boundary and therefore will filter both inputs ANS: A
and outputs when interacting with the environment. Chaotic systems are dynamic systems with reiterative feedback loops. A minor change in input
c. A closed system has a semipermeable boundary and therefore will filter both inputs can create a major change in output. This is often described as the butterfly effect. A butterfly’s
and outputs when interacting with the environment. flapping wings in California can over time become a hurricane in New York.
d. A closed system does not have a boundary and therefore will not interact with the
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 24
environment.
ANS: B 5. Which statement describes the measurement of information as defined by the Shannon and
With an open system the boundary is semipermeable, thereby controlling what will be accepted Weaver model?
as input and what will be permitted to leave the system. a. The amount of information is measured by the amount of data in the message.
b. The amount of information is measured by the number of meanings that can be
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 20 assigned to a message.
c. The amount of information is measured by the extent the message decreases entropy.
2. The primary characteristics used to analyze an open system include: d. The amount of information is measured by the number of characters used to create
a. structure, purpose, and functions. the message.
b. sub-system, target system, and super-system.
c. boundary, attributes, and environment. ANS: C
d. hierarchical, web, and hybrid. By decreasing entropy one decreases uncertainty. If a coin is thrown into the air, it may land on
either of two possible sides, heads up or tails up. Once it lands, the other side of the coin can be
ANS: A determined. The options are coded zero (0) and one (1) and are the basis for building computer
Using these three characteristics, one can determine why the system exists, what functions it code.
performs to achieve its purpose, and how it is structured to achieve its purpose.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: pp. 25-26
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 20
6. The number 190 is an example of:
3. A change made to any aspect of an open system, whether it is a health care system or a computer a. data.
system, will produce change in other aspects of that same system. As a result, any change can b. information.
produce unintended consequences. This process is called: c. knowledge.
a. dynamic homeostasis. d. wisdom.
b. semi-planned change.
c. negentropy. ANS: A
d. reverberation. The number 190 could refer to anything such as a person’s weight, blood glucose level, or
systolic blood pressure reading and therefore has no meaning by itself.
ANS: D
Change within any part of the system will be reflected across the total system through a process DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 26
termed reverberation. Reverberation is reflected in the intended and unintended consequences
of system change. 7. Knowing when and how to use knowledge is referred to as:
a. procedural knowledge.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 23 b. cognitive knowledge.
c. decision support system.
4. Chaotic systems are in a constant state of change. This degree or scope of change that can occur d. wisdom.
has been described as the butterfly effect. The butterfly effect refers to:
ANS: D
5 6
, HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK
Wisdom is defined as the appropriate use of knowledge in managing or solving human Chapter 3: Evidence-Based Practice and Informatics
problems. It is knowing when and how to use knowledge in managing patient need(s) or Test Bank
problem(s).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: pp. 26-27 MULTIPLE CHOICE
8. Which concepts are used to describe the different types of learning outcomes and can be used 1. Knowledge is the point of convergence across the areas of:
to write learning objectives? a. evidence-based practice, quality assurance, and informatics.
a. Input, throughput, and output b. evidence-based practice, improvement, and informatics.
b. Adult learning theories, constructionist theories, and learning styles c. evidence-based practice, quality assurance, and improvement.
c. Cognitive, affective, and psychomotor d. improvement, quality assurance, and informatics.
d. Short, intermediate, and long-term memory
ANS: B
ANS: C Knowledge is the point of convergence across the areas of evidence-based practice, informatics,
Learning is defined as an increase in knowledge, a change in attitude or values, or the and improvement. None of the other answers include all of these aspects.
development of new skills.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 42
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 30-31
2. Which two hurdles does the STAR Model address in employing evidence-based practice?
9. Which group will test out new technology but are not usually seen as leaders within an a. The volume and form of knowledge
organization? b. The quality and form of knowledge
a. Innovators c. The volume and outcomes of knowledge
b. Early adopters d. The adequacy and form of knowledge
c. Early majority
ANS: A
d. Late majority
The STAR Model addresses two major hurdles in employing evidence-based practice (EBP).
ANS: A These two hurdles are the volume of current professional knowledge and the form of knowledge
Innovators will test out a new technology; however, they are too far ahead of the social group that healthcare professionals attempt to apply in practice.
to be seen as leaders by other members of the social system. Early adopters are seen as much
more discreet in their selection of new technology and are therefore better at selling a new DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: pp. 43-44
technology to a group of potential users.
3. What is the form of knowledge in discovery research?
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 33 a. Single research studies
b. Meta-synthesis
c. Systematic review
MULTIPLE RESPONSE d. Meta-analysis
10. The systems life cycle (SLC) is a guide for informatics projects. Typical phases of the SLC ANS: A
include (select all that apply): Discovery research represents knowledge produced in the form of single research studies. The
a. implementation. other three choices represent synthesis of multiple studies.
b. planning.
c. evaluation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 44
d. security.
e. diagnosis. 4. Which type of review is considered the most rigorous?
a. Literature reviews
ANS: A, B, C b. Systematic reviews
According to published reports, the SLC contains between 3 and 7 stages. The three that are c. Integrative reviews
common in each of these reports are implementation, planning, and evaluation. d. Single study reviews
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 35 ANS: B
7 8
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Evolution of Health Informatics ANS: D
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The historical roots of computer science can be traced to:
a. language development, especially English.
b. mathematics and engineering.
c. library science.
d. medicine and nursing.
ANS: B
The historical roots of computer science can be traced back to mathematics and engineering.
The historical roots of information science began in library science. Language development and
medicine and nursing are not the roots of computer science.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 3
2. The historical roots of information science can be traced to:
a. language development, especially English.
b. mathematics and engineering.
c. library science.
d. medicine and nursing.
ANS: C
The historical roots of information science began in library science. The historical roots of
computer science can be traced back to mathematics and engineering. Language development
and medicine and nursing are not the roots of information science.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: pp. 3-4
3. The first book to include the term nursing informatics in the title was written in the:
a. 1960s.
b. 1970s.
c. 1980s.
d. 1990s.
ANS: C
The first book to include the term nursing informatics in the title was published in 1988.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 6
4. As knowledge develops and expands within a discipline, which information source will include
the oldest but best organized representation of that knowledge?
a. Conference presentations
b. Conference proceedings
c. Journal articles
d. Books
1 2
,HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK
The information source that includes the oldest but best organized representation of knowledge b. To be certified in clinical informatics in association with AMIA, one must first be a
is books. physician.
c. There are no specific educational requirements for CPHIMS certification through
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 5 HIMSS, but three years of full-time clinical experience in health IT is required.
d. To be certified as CPHIMS, you must be a nurse.
5. Which technical development created a tension between centralized and decentralized computer
management in healthcare? ANS: B
a. The development of punch cards To be certified in clinical informatics in association with AMIA, one must first be a physician.
b. The elimination of punch cards You do not need to have an MSN to sit for the NI exam by the ANCC. There are specific
c. The development of the mainframe computer requirements for CPHIMS, but being a nurse is not one of them.
d. The development of the personal computer
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 11
ANS: D
The development of the personal computer created tension between centralized and MULTIPLE RESPONSE
decentralized computer management in healthcare. The other responses highlight aspects of
decentralized computer management. 9. The term informatics is derived from: (Select all that apply.)
a. Dutch.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 3 b. English.
c. Russian.
6. Which of the following is not a member organization but rather a group of organizations?
d. Arabic.
a. AMIA
e. French.
b. HIMSS
c. AHIMA ANS: B, C, E
d. ANI The term informatics was derived from the following languages: English, Russian, and French.
ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 4
The Alliance for Nursing Informatics (ANI) is an organization of organizations. This is not a
member group. AMIA, HIMSS, and AHIMA are all member groups. 10. When the AMIA model is used, which subfields are categorized as clinical informatics? (Select
all that apply.)
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 7 a. Medical informatics
b. Nursing informatics
7. Which statement concerning educational programs in health informatics is correct?
c. Dental informatics
a. All health informatics programs are offered at the graduate level.
d. Chemical informatics
b. Informatics programs offered by medical schools always require students to have
e. Business informatics
earned an MD for admission.
c. All health informatics programs are located within health-related departments or ANS: A, B, C
schools such as nursing, medicine, or pharmacy. When the AMIA model is used, the following disciplines are categorized as clinical informatics:
d. Health informatics programs range from certificate programs offered at the medical informatics, nursing informatics, and dental informatics. The other responses are not
community college level to post-doctoral programs offered at major research clinically related.
institutions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 14
ANS: D
The correct response is health informatics programs range from certificate programs offered at
the community college level to post-doctoral programs offered at major research institutions.
Not all informatics programs require an MD, are at the graduate level, or are located within
schools of health sciences.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: pp. 9-10
8. Which statement related to certification in health informatics is correct?
a. A master’s in nursing is required to sit for the NI examination offered by ANCC.
3 4
, HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK
Chapter 2: Theoretical Foundations of Health Informatics a. a minor change in input can create a major change in output, or a major change in
Test Bank input can result in minor changes in output.
b. a major change in input will create a major change in output, and a minor change in
input will create minor changes in output.
MULTIPLE CHOICE c. a minor change in input can create a minor change in output; however, a major
change in input will result in minor changes in output.
1. What is the primary difference between an open and closed system? d. a minor change in input may create a major change in output; however, a major
a. An open system has no boundary, and therefore there are no limits to the inputs and change in input will create a major change in output.
outputs between an open system and the environment.
b. An open system has a semipermeable boundary and therefore will filter both inputs ANS: A
and outputs when interacting with the environment. Chaotic systems are dynamic systems with reiterative feedback loops. A minor change in input
c. A closed system has a semipermeable boundary and therefore will filter both inputs can create a major change in output. This is often described as the butterfly effect. A butterfly’s
and outputs when interacting with the environment. flapping wings in California can over time become a hurricane in New York.
d. A closed system does not have a boundary and therefore will not interact with the
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 24
environment.
ANS: B 5. Which statement describes the measurement of information as defined by the Shannon and
With an open system the boundary is semipermeable, thereby controlling what will be accepted Weaver model?
as input and what will be permitted to leave the system. a. The amount of information is measured by the amount of data in the message.
b. The amount of information is measured by the number of meanings that can be
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 20 assigned to a message.
c. The amount of information is measured by the extent the message decreases entropy.
2. The primary characteristics used to analyze an open system include: d. The amount of information is measured by the number of characters used to create
a. structure, purpose, and functions. the message.
b. sub-system, target system, and super-system.
c. boundary, attributes, and environment. ANS: C
d. hierarchical, web, and hybrid. By decreasing entropy one decreases uncertainty. If a coin is thrown into the air, it may land on
either of two possible sides, heads up or tails up. Once it lands, the other side of the coin can be
ANS: A determined. The options are coded zero (0) and one (1) and are the basis for building computer
Using these three characteristics, one can determine why the system exists, what functions it code.
performs to achieve its purpose, and how it is structured to achieve its purpose.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: pp. 25-26
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 20
6. The number 190 is an example of:
3. A change made to any aspect of an open system, whether it is a health care system or a computer a. data.
system, will produce change in other aspects of that same system. As a result, any change can b. information.
produce unintended consequences. This process is called: c. knowledge.
a. dynamic homeostasis. d. wisdom.
b. semi-planned change.
c. negentropy. ANS: A
d. reverberation. The number 190 could refer to anything such as a person’s weight, blood glucose level, or
systolic blood pressure reading and therefore has no meaning by itself.
ANS: D
Change within any part of the system will be reflected across the total system through a process DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 26
termed reverberation. Reverberation is reflected in the intended and unintended consequences
of system change. 7. Knowing when and how to use knowledge is referred to as:
a. procedural knowledge.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 23 b. cognitive knowledge.
c. decision support system.
4. Chaotic systems are in a constant state of change. This degree or scope of change that can occur d. wisdom.
has been described as the butterfly effect. The butterfly effect refers to:
ANS: D
5 6
, HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK HEALTH INFORMATICS 2ND EDITION, TEST BANK
Wisdom is defined as the appropriate use of knowledge in managing or solving human Chapter 3: Evidence-Based Practice and Informatics
problems. It is knowing when and how to use knowledge in managing patient need(s) or Test Bank
problem(s).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: pp. 26-27 MULTIPLE CHOICE
8. Which concepts are used to describe the different types of learning outcomes and can be used 1. Knowledge is the point of convergence across the areas of:
to write learning objectives? a. evidence-based practice, quality assurance, and informatics.
a. Input, throughput, and output b. evidence-based practice, improvement, and informatics.
b. Adult learning theories, constructionist theories, and learning styles c. evidence-based practice, quality assurance, and improvement.
c. Cognitive, affective, and psychomotor d. improvement, quality assurance, and informatics.
d. Short, intermediate, and long-term memory
ANS: B
ANS: C Knowledge is the point of convergence across the areas of evidence-based practice, informatics,
Learning is defined as an increase in knowledge, a change in attitude or values, or the and improvement. None of the other answers include all of these aspects.
development of new skills.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 42
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 30-31
2. Which two hurdles does the STAR Model address in employing evidence-based practice?
9. Which group will test out new technology but are not usually seen as leaders within an a. The volume and form of knowledge
organization? b. The quality and form of knowledge
a. Innovators c. The volume and outcomes of knowledge
b. Early adopters d. The adequacy and form of knowledge
c. Early majority
ANS: A
d. Late majority
The STAR Model addresses two major hurdles in employing evidence-based practice (EBP).
ANS: A These two hurdles are the volume of current professional knowledge and the form of knowledge
Innovators will test out a new technology; however, they are too far ahead of the social group that healthcare professionals attempt to apply in practice.
to be seen as leaders by other members of the social system. Early adopters are seen as much
more discreet in their selection of new technology and are therefore better at selling a new DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: pp. 43-44
technology to a group of potential users.
3. What is the form of knowledge in discovery research?
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 33 a. Single research studies
b. Meta-synthesis
c. Systematic review
MULTIPLE RESPONSE d. Meta-analysis
10. The systems life cycle (SLC) is a guide for informatics projects. Typical phases of the SLC ANS: A
include (select all that apply): Discovery research represents knowledge produced in the form of single research studies. The
a. implementation. other three choices represent synthesis of multiple studies.
b. planning.
c. evaluation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 44
d. security.
e. diagnosis. 4. Which type of review is considered the most rigorous?
a. Literature reviews
ANS: A, B, C b. Systematic reviews
According to published reports, the SLC contains between 3 and 7 stages. The three that are c. Integrative reviews
common in each of these reports are implementation, planning, and evaluation. d. Single study reviews
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 35 ANS: B
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