Demonstration and Research Pest Control
_____ can be issued against a pesticide and they are final after five days unless
the registrant asks for a hearing. Final decision must be made seven days after
hearing. These orders are subject to judicial review. - ANS - Suspensions
\"any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying,
repelling, or mitigating and pest" - ANS - Pesticide
\"any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator,
defoliant, or desiccant." - ANS - Pesticide
\A _____ may be issued if it is determined that a pesticide poses an unreasonable
risk to man or the environment. - ANS - special review process
\A highly specific pesticide with minimal non-target organism impact is _____
which disrupt insect growth, egg production, and caste differentiation in some
social insects. - ANS - Insect growth regulators
\A highly specific pesticide with minimal non-target organism impact is the
insecticidal bacterium _____ which is highly selective against certain insect
pests. - ANS - Bacillus thuringiensis
\A highly specific pesticide with minimal non-target organism impact is the
selective _____ which inhibits synthesis of vital amino acids only in certain
plants. - ANS - sulfonylurea herbicides
\A pesticide can be legally used on a food crop only if EPA has granted a _____
for that use. - ANS - tolerance
\a phenomenon where pesticides are degraded more rapidly by populations of
organisms who have previously been exposed to the pesticide. This is generally
seen as a positive thing although it can happen sometimes so rapidly that it
interferes with the pesticides ability to function. Sometimes they are introduced
to clean up contaminated soil. - ANS - EMD - Enhanced Microbial Degradation
\A state may register a pesticide for use on a food or feed crop only if _____. -
ANS - there is a federal tolerance or exemption for that crop and EPA has not
previously denied, disapproved, or canceled registration for that use.
\After FIFRA Lite was passed, since the financial burden to reregister the
pesticides was on the manufacturer, many pesticides were _____ since the cost
of reregistration would not justify them since they were considered _____
pesticides. Often these were for smaller acreage specialty crops such as
blueberries and squash. - ANS - discontinued, "minor use"
\aims at using cultural methods that discourage pests or interfere with their
reproduction, by using selected or genetically engineered resistant crop plants,
by conserving beneficial predator or parasite species, and by using pesticide
, applications that are strategically applied for maximum benefit and minimal harm.
A parallel task is discouraging chemical resistance in pests. A central
assumption is that a low level of pests are tolerable. It is rarely a substitute for
pesticides, rather used to enhance their effectiveness or lower their overall use. -
ANS - IPM
\are clean, disease free seed, adjusting planting and harvesting dates, good
drainage, crop rotation, adequate fertilization, and field sanitation. Pest number
and diversity decrease with crop rotation and tillage intensity increase. - ANS -
Cultural practices
\are disease organisms of insects and weeds which are highly lethal but do not
necessarily spread themselves through crops, which is why they are candidates
for commercial propagation and being released. Desirable because of their
characteristic selectivity and low risk to non-target organisms, but overuse can
still cause resistance. - ANS - Biopesticides
\are studies in which the investigator separates populations according to adverse
effects and then looks for associated factors. - ANS - Retrospective/backward
epidemiological studies
\are studies in which the investigator separates populations according to their
degree of exposure to some risk factor and then observes these populations for
adverse effects. - ANS - Prospective/forward epidemiological studies
\Broad spectrum herbicides that inhibit a key reaction in photosynthesis. - ANS -
Triazines
\Broad spectrum insecticides that inhibit cholinesterase - an enzyme in animal
nervous systems. - ANS - Organophosphates and carbamates
\Bt was registered in _____ and is in _____ pesticide products. - ANS - 1993, 178
\Commodities experimentally treated with pesticides for which there are no EPA
tolerances must be _____ at the end of the study. - ANS - destroyed
\Conserving susceptible genes is accomplished by - ANS - rotating pesticides of
different chemical classes, spot-treating instead of area-wide sprays, and by
leaving some pest generations untreated.
\defines laboratory practices in order to ensure that pesticide data submitted to
the EPA is reliable. It applies to field and laboratory research. - ANS - Good
Laboratory Practices (GLP)
\EPA established maximum allowable residue levels on food. This means that
certain residues on our food are legal and within EPA's range of acceptable risk.
The tolerances are conservative. EPA requires the manufacturers to do animal
toxicity test based on NOEL. - ANS - Tolerances
\EPA has established the _____ and the _____ for the level of pesticides in ground
water. - ANS - MCL (maximum contaminant level) and the HAL (health advisory
level)
_____ can be issued against a pesticide and they are final after five days unless
the registrant asks for a hearing. Final decision must be made seven days after
hearing. These orders are subject to judicial review. - ANS - Suspensions
\"any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying,
repelling, or mitigating and pest" - ANS - Pesticide
\"any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator,
defoliant, or desiccant." - ANS - Pesticide
\A _____ may be issued if it is determined that a pesticide poses an unreasonable
risk to man or the environment. - ANS - special review process
\A highly specific pesticide with minimal non-target organism impact is _____
which disrupt insect growth, egg production, and caste differentiation in some
social insects. - ANS - Insect growth regulators
\A highly specific pesticide with minimal non-target organism impact is the
insecticidal bacterium _____ which is highly selective against certain insect
pests. - ANS - Bacillus thuringiensis
\A highly specific pesticide with minimal non-target organism impact is the
selective _____ which inhibits synthesis of vital amino acids only in certain
plants. - ANS - sulfonylurea herbicides
\A pesticide can be legally used on a food crop only if EPA has granted a _____
for that use. - ANS - tolerance
\a phenomenon where pesticides are degraded more rapidly by populations of
organisms who have previously been exposed to the pesticide. This is generally
seen as a positive thing although it can happen sometimes so rapidly that it
interferes with the pesticides ability to function. Sometimes they are introduced
to clean up contaminated soil. - ANS - EMD - Enhanced Microbial Degradation
\A state may register a pesticide for use on a food or feed crop only if _____. -
ANS - there is a federal tolerance or exemption for that crop and EPA has not
previously denied, disapproved, or canceled registration for that use.
\After FIFRA Lite was passed, since the financial burden to reregister the
pesticides was on the manufacturer, many pesticides were _____ since the cost
of reregistration would not justify them since they were considered _____
pesticides. Often these were for smaller acreage specialty crops such as
blueberries and squash. - ANS - discontinued, "minor use"
\aims at using cultural methods that discourage pests or interfere with their
reproduction, by using selected or genetically engineered resistant crop plants,
by conserving beneficial predator or parasite species, and by using pesticide
, applications that are strategically applied for maximum benefit and minimal harm.
A parallel task is discouraging chemical resistance in pests. A central
assumption is that a low level of pests are tolerable. It is rarely a substitute for
pesticides, rather used to enhance their effectiveness or lower their overall use. -
ANS - IPM
\are clean, disease free seed, adjusting planting and harvesting dates, good
drainage, crop rotation, adequate fertilization, and field sanitation. Pest number
and diversity decrease with crop rotation and tillage intensity increase. - ANS -
Cultural practices
\are disease organisms of insects and weeds which are highly lethal but do not
necessarily spread themselves through crops, which is why they are candidates
for commercial propagation and being released. Desirable because of their
characteristic selectivity and low risk to non-target organisms, but overuse can
still cause resistance. - ANS - Biopesticides
\are studies in which the investigator separates populations according to adverse
effects and then looks for associated factors. - ANS - Retrospective/backward
epidemiological studies
\are studies in which the investigator separates populations according to their
degree of exposure to some risk factor and then observes these populations for
adverse effects. - ANS - Prospective/forward epidemiological studies
\Broad spectrum herbicides that inhibit a key reaction in photosynthesis. - ANS -
Triazines
\Broad spectrum insecticides that inhibit cholinesterase - an enzyme in animal
nervous systems. - ANS - Organophosphates and carbamates
\Bt was registered in _____ and is in _____ pesticide products. - ANS - 1993, 178
\Commodities experimentally treated with pesticides for which there are no EPA
tolerances must be _____ at the end of the study. - ANS - destroyed
\Conserving susceptible genes is accomplished by - ANS - rotating pesticides of
different chemical classes, spot-treating instead of area-wide sprays, and by
leaving some pest generations untreated.
\defines laboratory practices in order to ensure that pesticide data submitted to
the EPA is reliable. It applies to field and laboratory research. - ANS - Good
Laboratory Practices (GLP)
\EPA established maximum allowable residue levels on food. This means that
certain residues on our food are legal and within EPA's range of acceptable risk.
The tolerances are conservative. EPA requires the manufacturers to do animal
toxicity test based on NOEL. - ANS - Tolerances
\EPA has established the _____ and the _____ for the level of pesticides in ground
water. - ANS - MCL (maximum contaminant level) and the HAL (health advisory
level)
