PLTW: Principles of Biomedical
Sciences, National Exam Q&A 100%
Solved
Prophase I - ✔✔crossing-over occurs between tetrads
Metaphase I - ✔✔Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of
the cell
Anaphase I - ✔✔Spindle fibers pull each homologous chromosome pair toward
an opposite end of the cell
Telophase - ✔✔A nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of
chromosomes and cytokinesis follows, forming two new cells
Prophase II - ✔✔Chromosomes consist of two chromatids, but they do not pair
to form tetrads
Telophase II - ✔✔A nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of
chromosomes and cytokinesis follows, forming four new cells.
Mitosis: Form of reproduction - ✔✔Asexual
Meiosis: Form of reproduction - ✔✔first stage in sexual
Mitosis: Number of daughter cells - ✔✔2
Meiosis : Number of daughter cells - ✔✔4
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,Mitosis: change in chromsome number - ✔✔No change; stays diploid
Meiosis: change in chromsome number - ✔✔cut in half to haploid
Mitosis: Number of cell divisions - ✔✔1
Meiosis: Number of cell divisions - ✔✔2
Mitosis: Difference in alleles between parent cell and daughter cells - ✔✔none
Meiosis: Difference in alleles between parent cell and daughter cells - ✔✔Each
of the four daughter cells is genetically different from the parent
911 Operator - ✔✔referring calls to appropriate law
enforcementagencies/emergency medical services, determining the response
requirements and prioritizing situation and dispatching units according to a set
of established procedures
~High school diploma or equivalent
answering inquiries
EMT - ✔✔Care for the sick or injured in emergency medical settings respond to
emergency calls
~high school diploma or equivalent and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
certification postsecondary non-degree award
Crime Scene Investigator - ✔✔Collect and examine evidence present
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,at crime scenes, Observe and look for evidence
~Bachelor's degree in science, Complete a Police Academy
Blood Spatter Analyst - ✔✔examine the location and shape of blood drops,
stains, puddles and pools. Testify in court. Determine: The type of weapon used,
direction of travel of a victim or suspect, trajectory of a projectile, number of
wounds a victim may have suffered
How events unfolded during a violent crime
~degree in criminal justice, forensic science. Biology, anatomy, criminology,
constitutional law and statistical analysis
Forensic DNA Analyst - ✔✔Observe DNA samples found at the scene of a crime
and compare it to potential suspects in order to accurately identify an entity.
They can work in crime labs or private labs.
~bachelor's degree in molecular biology, genetics or forensic science
Medical Examiner - ✔✔Investigates deaths and injuries, performs post-
modem,testifies in court
~MD, Bachelor's Degree, Residency in pathology
Toxicologist - ✔✔Develop new and better ways to determine the potential
harmful effects of chemical and physical agents and the amount (dosage) that
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, will cause these effects"(2) Study probability that specific particles will be a
threat to human health
~Major in biology and chemistry, physics, computer science, statistics
and mathematics (including calculus)
bachelor's degree in toxicology
Morgue Assistant - ✔✔Help prepare deceased before and after examination, for
instruction and research
~Highs school grad, Knowledge of human anatomy
Biochemist - ✔✔Study chemical principles of biological processes using tools
such as electron microscopes. Some biochemists simply supply research for the
world of science and some apply this research to the work force such as a
pharmaceutical company.
~Bachelors, masters or doctorate in biochemistry. PhD is required for applied
research.
Food Scientist or Technologist - ✔✔Use chemistry, microbiology, engineering,
and other sciences to study the principles underlying the processing of foods,
analyze food content, apply knowledge to determine way of producing healthier
foods
~Associates degrees in biology, animal science, or a related field
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
Sciences, National Exam Q&A 100%
Solved
Prophase I - ✔✔crossing-over occurs between tetrads
Metaphase I - ✔✔Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of
the cell
Anaphase I - ✔✔Spindle fibers pull each homologous chromosome pair toward
an opposite end of the cell
Telophase - ✔✔A nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of
chromosomes and cytokinesis follows, forming two new cells
Prophase II - ✔✔Chromosomes consist of two chromatids, but they do not pair
to form tetrads
Telophase II - ✔✔A nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of
chromosomes and cytokinesis follows, forming four new cells.
Mitosis: Form of reproduction - ✔✔Asexual
Meiosis: Form of reproduction - ✔✔first stage in sexual
Mitosis: Number of daughter cells - ✔✔2
Meiosis : Number of daughter cells - ✔✔4
1|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Mitosis: change in chromsome number - ✔✔No change; stays diploid
Meiosis: change in chromsome number - ✔✔cut in half to haploid
Mitosis: Number of cell divisions - ✔✔1
Meiosis: Number of cell divisions - ✔✔2
Mitosis: Difference in alleles between parent cell and daughter cells - ✔✔none
Meiosis: Difference in alleles between parent cell and daughter cells - ✔✔Each
of the four daughter cells is genetically different from the parent
911 Operator - ✔✔referring calls to appropriate law
enforcementagencies/emergency medical services, determining the response
requirements and prioritizing situation and dispatching units according to a set
of established procedures
~High school diploma or equivalent
answering inquiries
EMT - ✔✔Care for the sick or injured in emergency medical settings respond to
emergency calls
~high school diploma or equivalent and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
certification postsecondary non-degree award
Crime Scene Investigator - ✔✔Collect and examine evidence present
2|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,at crime scenes, Observe and look for evidence
~Bachelor's degree in science, Complete a Police Academy
Blood Spatter Analyst - ✔✔examine the location and shape of blood drops,
stains, puddles and pools. Testify in court. Determine: The type of weapon used,
direction of travel of a victim or suspect, trajectory of a projectile, number of
wounds a victim may have suffered
How events unfolded during a violent crime
~degree in criminal justice, forensic science. Biology, anatomy, criminology,
constitutional law and statistical analysis
Forensic DNA Analyst - ✔✔Observe DNA samples found at the scene of a crime
and compare it to potential suspects in order to accurately identify an entity.
They can work in crime labs or private labs.
~bachelor's degree in molecular biology, genetics or forensic science
Medical Examiner - ✔✔Investigates deaths and injuries, performs post-
modem,testifies in court
~MD, Bachelor's Degree, Residency in pathology
Toxicologist - ✔✔Develop new and better ways to determine the potential
harmful effects of chemical and physical agents and the amount (dosage) that
3|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, will cause these effects"(2) Study probability that specific particles will be a
threat to human health
~Major in biology and chemistry, physics, computer science, statistics
and mathematics (including calculus)
bachelor's degree in toxicology
Morgue Assistant - ✔✔Help prepare deceased before and after examination, for
instruction and research
~Highs school grad, Knowledge of human anatomy
Biochemist - ✔✔Study chemical principles of biological processes using tools
such as electron microscopes. Some biochemists simply supply research for the
world of science and some apply this research to the work force such as a
pharmaceutical company.
~Bachelors, masters or doctorate in biochemistry. PhD is required for applied
research.
Food Scientist or Technologist - ✔✔Use chemistry, microbiology, engineering,
and other sciences to study the principles underlying the processing of foods,
analyze food content, apply knowledge to determine way of producing healthier
foods
~Associates degrees in biology, animal science, or a related field
4|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
