Computer Networks CS 6250
AIMD (definition) - ANS-Additive Increase, Multiplicative Decrease.
Used through TCP as congestion manage.
AIMD (manner) - ANS-The beginning fee is W_max / 2.
For every W ACKs received, send W+1 packets (up to most of W_max).
If a packet is dropped, drop go into reverse to W_max / 2.
ARP (definition) - ANS-Address Reolution Protocol.
ARP desk maps IP addresses to MAC addresses
ARP (method) - ANS-1. Host queries with IP cope with - broadcast.
2. Host with IP address responds with MAC cope with - unicast.
Three. When host gets respond, adds to ARP table.
Four. To send packets, host places IP packet inner Ethernet body using MAC deal with
destination.
Autonomous System (definition) - ANS-A network that is below a single administrative
authority.
It may be an ISP, content company, campus community, and many others. Examples consist
of Comcast, Georgia Tech, and Google.
BGP (definition) - ANS-Border Gateway Protocol.
Used to send course advertisements.
BGP Community - ANS-AS can connect a "tag" to have an effect on how a neighboring AS
sets local choice.
This requires previous agreement.
BGP Paper:
3 "Knobs" to Control Import and Export Policies - ANS-1. Local Preference - Influences
which BGP course can be selected for every destination prefix.
2. Filtering - Eliminates positive routes from attention and controls who they'll be exported to.
3. Tagging - Allows an operator to companion extra country with a path.
BGP Paper:
three Steps to Process Route Advertisements - ANS-1. Import Policy - Determines which
routes to clear out / put off from attention, and might append or regulate attributes.
2. Decision Process - Selects the most perfect course.
Three. Export Policy - Determines which buddies to export direction to.
BGP Paper:
, 4 Categories of Policies - ANS-1. Business relationship policies (bobbing up from economic /
political relationships)
2. Traffic engineering policies (manage traffic float and keep away from congestion)
3. Scalability rules (reduce control site visitors and keep away from overloading routers)
4. Security guidelines (protect in opposition to malicious or accidental assaults)
BGP Paper:
AS Prepending - ANS-Adding multiple copies of an AS variety to the AS course as a way to
artificially inflate the AS route duration.
This may be used to shift site visitors faraway from a hyperlink.
BGP Paper:
Business Relationship Policies (2) - ANS-1. Influencing the decision process (via assigning
local desire)
2. Controlling direction export (with the aid of the usage of the network characteristic)
BGP Paper:
Community Attribute - ANS-A variable-duration string used to tag routes.
One network price would possibly affect how the receiving router units nearby choice, at the
same time as some other might motive the course to be filtered at another router.
Community attribute usage is not standardized, which offers capacity for misconfiguration.
BGP Paper:
Filtering - ANS-Eliminates sure routes from consideration and controls who they'll be
exported to.
May be carried out earlier than choice (inbound filtering) and/or after choice (outbound
filtering).
Done by way of instructing routers to disregard classified ads with attributes matching certain
values or ranges.
BGP Paper:
Flap Damping - ANS-Limits propagation of risky routes.
Maintains a penalty fee related to the path that is incremented every time an update is
acquired. When the penalty price exceeds a threshold, the course is suppressed for a while.
BGP Paper:
Incremental Protocol (definition) - ANS-After a entire routing desk is exchanged between
pals, best adjustments to that statistics are exchanged.
BGP Paper:
Limiting Routing Table Size: Why? (2 motives) - ANS-1. Protection from different ISPs:
- Filtering lengthy prefixes to encourage aggregation
- Maintaining a fixed in step with-session prefix restrict
- Configuring a default direction via which maximum destinations can be reached
AIMD (definition) - ANS-Additive Increase, Multiplicative Decrease.
Used through TCP as congestion manage.
AIMD (manner) - ANS-The beginning fee is W_max / 2.
For every W ACKs received, send W+1 packets (up to most of W_max).
If a packet is dropped, drop go into reverse to W_max / 2.
ARP (definition) - ANS-Address Reolution Protocol.
ARP desk maps IP addresses to MAC addresses
ARP (method) - ANS-1. Host queries with IP cope with - broadcast.
2. Host with IP address responds with MAC cope with - unicast.
Three. When host gets respond, adds to ARP table.
Four. To send packets, host places IP packet inner Ethernet body using MAC deal with
destination.
Autonomous System (definition) - ANS-A network that is below a single administrative
authority.
It may be an ISP, content company, campus community, and many others. Examples consist
of Comcast, Georgia Tech, and Google.
BGP (definition) - ANS-Border Gateway Protocol.
Used to send course advertisements.
BGP Community - ANS-AS can connect a "tag" to have an effect on how a neighboring AS
sets local choice.
This requires previous agreement.
BGP Paper:
3 "Knobs" to Control Import and Export Policies - ANS-1. Local Preference - Influences
which BGP course can be selected for every destination prefix.
2. Filtering - Eliminates positive routes from attention and controls who they'll be exported to.
3. Tagging - Allows an operator to companion extra country with a path.
BGP Paper:
three Steps to Process Route Advertisements - ANS-1. Import Policy - Determines which
routes to clear out / put off from attention, and might append or regulate attributes.
2. Decision Process - Selects the most perfect course.
Three. Export Policy - Determines which buddies to export direction to.
BGP Paper:
, 4 Categories of Policies - ANS-1. Business relationship policies (bobbing up from economic /
political relationships)
2. Traffic engineering policies (manage traffic float and keep away from congestion)
3. Scalability rules (reduce control site visitors and keep away from overloading routers)
4. Security guidelines (protect in opposition to malicious or accidental assaults)
BGP Paper:
AS Prepending - ANS-Adding multiple copies of an AS variety to the AS course as a way to
artificially inflate the AS route duration.
This may be used to shift site visitors faraway from a hyperlink.
BGP Paper:
Business Relationship Policies (2) - ANS-1. Influencing the decision process (via assigning
local desire)
2. Controlling direction export (with the aid of the usage of the network characteristic)
BGP Paper:
Community Attribute - ANS-A variable-duration string used to tag routes.
One network price would possibly affect how the receiving router units nearby choice, at the
same time as some other might motive the course to be filtered at another router.
Community attribute usage is not standardized, which offers capacity for misconfiguration.
BGP Paper:
Filtering - ANS-Eliminates sure routes from consideration and controls who they'll be
exported to.
May be carried out earlier than choice (inbound filtering) and/or after choice (outbound
filtering).
Done by way of instructing routers to disregard classified ads with attributes matching certain
values or ranges.
BGP Paper:
Flap Damping - ANS-Limits propagation of risky routes.
Maintains a penalty fee related to the path that is incremented every time an update is
acquired. When the penalty price exceeds a threshold, the course is suppressed for a while.
BGP Paper:
Incremental Protocol (definition) - ANS-After a entire routing desk is exchanged between
pals, best adjustments to that statistics are exchanged.
BGP Paper:
Limiting Routing Table Size: Why? (2 motives) - ANS-1. Protection from different ISPs:
- Filtering lengthy prefixes to encourage aggregation
- Maintaining a fixed in step with-session prefix restrict
- Configuring a default direction via which maximum destinations can be reached
