Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
,2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
, DIF:Apply b(application)REF:3
OBJ: bDiscuss bthe broles band bcareer bopportunities bfor bnurses. bTOP: bImplementation
MSC:Management bof bCare
b
5. A bnurse bprepares bthe bbudget band bpolicies bfor ban bintensive bcare bunit. bWhich brole bis bthe
bnurse bimplementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: bB
A bmanager bcoordinates bthe bactivities bof bmembers bof bthe bnursing bstaff bin bdelivering bnursing bcare
band bhas bpersonnel, bpolicy, band bbudgetary bresponsibility bfor ba bspecific bnursing bunit bor bfacility. bAs
ban beducator, byou bexplain bconcepts band bfacts babout bhealth, bdescribe bthe breason bfor broutine bcare
bactivities, bdemonstrate bprocedures bsuch bas bself-care bactivities, breinforce blearning bor bpatient
bbehavior, band bevaluate bthe bpatient’s bprogress bin blearning. bAs ba bpatient badvocate, byou bprotect
byour bpatient’s bhuman band blegal brights band bprovide bassistance bin basserting bthese brights bif bthe
bneed barises. bAs ba bcaregiver, byou bhelp bpatients bmaintain band bregain bhealth, bmanage bdisease band
bsymptoms, band battain ba bmaximal blevel bfunction band bindependence bthrough bthe bhealing bprocess.
DIF:Apply b(application)REF:4
OBJ: bDescribe bthe broles band bcareer bopportunities bfor bnurses. bTOP: bImplementation
MSC:Management bof bCare
b
6. The bnurse bhas bbeen bworking bin bthe bclinical bsetting bfor bseveral byears bas ban badvanced bpractice
bnurse. bHowever, bthe bnurse bhas ba bstrong bdesire bto bpursue bresearch band btheory bdevelopment. bTo
bfulfill bthis bdesire, bwhich bprogram bshould bthe bnurse battend?
a. Doctor bof bNursing bScience bdegree b(DNSc)
b. Doctor bof bPhilosophy bdegree b(PhD)
c. Doctor bof bNursing bPractice bdegree b(DNP)
d. Doctor bin bthe bScience bof bNursing bdegree b(DSN)
ANS: bB
Some bdoctoral bprograms bprepare bnurses bfor bmore brigorous bresearch band btheory bdevelopment band
baward bthe bresearch-oriented bDoctor bof bPhilosophy b(PhD) bin bnursing. bProfessional bdoctoral
bprograms bin bnursing b(DSN bor bDNSc) bprepare bgraduates bto bapply bresearch bfindings bto bclinical
bnursing. bThe bDNP bis ba bpractice bdoctorate bthat bprepares badvanced bpractice bnurses bsuch bas bnurse
bpractitioners.
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
,2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
, DIF:Apply b(application)REF:3
OBJ: bDiscuss bthe broles band bcareer bopportunities bfor bnurses. bTOP: bImplementation
MSC:Management bof bCare
b
5. A bnurse bprepares bthe bbudget band bpolicies bfor ban bintensive bcare bunit. bWhich brole bis bthe
bnurse bimplementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: bB
A bmanager bcoordinates bthe bactivities bof bmembers bof bthe bnursing bstaff bin bdelivering bnursing bcare
band bhas bpersonnel, bpolicy, band bbudgetary bresponsibility bfor ba bspecific bnursing bunit bor bfacility. bAs
ban beducator, byou bexplain bconcepts band bfacts babout bhealth, bdescribe bthe breason bfor broutine bcare
bactivities, bdemonstrate bprocedures bsuch bas bself-care bactivities, breinforce blearning bor bpatient
bbehavior, band bevaluate bthe bpatient’s bprogress bin blearning. bAs ba bpatient badvocate, byou bprotect
byour bpatient’s bhuman band blegal brights band bprovide bassistance bin basserting bthese brights bif bthe
bneed barises. bAs ba bcaregiver, byou bhelp bpatients bmaintain band bregain bhealth, bmanage bdisease band
bsymptoms, band battain ba bmaximal blevel bfunction band bindependence bthrough bthe bhealing bprocess.
DIF:Apply b(application)REF:4
OBJ: bDescribe bthe broles band bcareer bopportunities bfor bnurses. bTOP: bImplementation
MSC:Management bof bCare
b
6. The bnurse bhas bbeen bworking bin bthe bclinical bsetting bfor bseveral byears bas ban badvanced bpractice
bnurse. bHowever, bthe bnurse bhas ba bstrong bdesire bto bpursue bresearch band btheory bdevelopment. bTo
bfulfill bthis bdesire, bwhich bprogram bshould bthe bnurse battend?
a. Doctor bof bNursing bScience bdegree b(DNSc)
b. Doctor bof bPhilosophy bdegree b(PhD)
c. Doctor bof bNursing bPractice bdegree b(DNP)
d. Doctor bin bthe bScience bof bNursing bdegree b(DSN)
ANS: bB
Some bdoctoral bprograms bprepare bnurses bfor bmore brigorous bresearch band btheory bdevelopment band
baward bthe bresearch-oriented bDoctor bof bPhilosophy b(PhD) bin bnursing. bProfessional bdoctoral
bprograms bin bnursing b(DSN bor bDNSc) bprepare bgraduates bto bapply bresearch bfindings bto bclinical
bnursing. bThe bDNP bis ba bpractice bdoctorate bthat bprepares badvanced bpractice bnurses bsuch bas bnurse
bpractitioners.
