ISA Certified Arborist Chapter 12 (Tree Assessment and Risk Management) Questions and Answers Latest Updated

ISA Certified Arborist Chapter 12 (Tree Assessment and Risk Management) Questions and Answers Latest Updated List the three components of risk assessment. potential for failure environment that may contribute to failure potential target By definition, if there is no _______, a tree cannot pose a risk. target When performing a tree assessment, it is important to develop and stick to a _______ process. systematic For structural strength, branches should be _______ in diameter than their parent limbs or trunk. smaller _______ _______ fungi primarily decay the lignin within and between cell walls in the wood. white rot Codominant stems often have _______ ______ within the branch union, making them structurally less stable. included bark Trees that have grown in dense shade such as a forest tend to have long, straight stems with little _______. taper Trees often produce _______ _______, providing more stability to compensate for lean. reaction wood Brown rot fungi primarily decay the _______, leaving behind the stiff lignin and thereby reducing the bending strength of the tree. cellulose Decay located in the lower trunk and/or base of the tree is referred to as _______ _______. basal rot (butt rot) In recent years, a number of more advanced _______ _______ _______ have been developed to help arborists determine the presence and extent of decay inside trees. decay detection devices True/False - A tree may appear to be solid and structurally sound, and may have a thick, green canopy, yet can have significant decay inside. true List five indicators of decay in a tree. open wounds or cavities fruiting bodies: mushrooms, conks cracked or loosened bark certain insects birds, bees, other animals If decay is suspected at the root flare or in the major support roots, a root collar _______ may be necessary to ascertain the extent. excavation Sometimes there are management options short of tree removal to abate the risk of failure. _______ is the general term given to the process of reducing the risk potential. mitigation True/False - Current research indicates that filling cavities may do more harm than good because decay can develop in the interface between filler and tree. True List four potential options for mitigating tree risk. removal of the tree or limb(s) pruning cabling bracing _______ occurs when the arborist has an obligation or responsibility with regard to the tree (duty) but fails to act reasonably in providing the service (breach of duty), and injury or damage occurs (harm) because of the arborist's action(s) or lack of action (causality). Negligence The gauge against which acts are judged as reasonable is the _______ _______. standard of care