TEST BANK−APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FOURTH,
NORTH AMERICAN EDITION BY JUDI NATH (AUTHOR), CARIE BRAUN (AUTHOR),
CINDY ANDERSON (AUTHOR) COMPLETE GUIDE| CHAPTER 1-20(ANSWERS AT
THE END OF EVERY CHAPTER)
, Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.................................................................................. 2
CHAPTER 2 ALTERED CELLS AND TISSUES .................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 3 INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE REPAIR .................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 4 ALTERED IMMUNITY ............................................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER 5 INFECTION ............................................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 6 GENETIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS ........................................................................ 28
CHAPTER 7 ALTERED CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION ............................................... 34
CHAPTER 8 ALTERED FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE ........................................................................ 37
CHAPTER 9 ALTERED ACID−BASE BALANCE ............................................................................................... 42
CHAPTER 10 ALTERED NEURAL FUNCTION ................................................................................................ 66
CHAPTER 11 ALTERED MOOD, ATTENTION, AND BEHAVIOR ................................................................... 71
CHAPTER 12 ALTERED SOMATIC AND SPECIAL SENSORY FUNCTION ....................................................... 81
CHAPTER 13 ALTERED HORMONAL AND METABOLIC REGULATION ........................................................ 86
CHAPTER 14 ALTERED REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION ................................................................................... 92
CHAPTER 15 ALTERED VENTILATION AND DIFFUSION ............................................................................ 102
CHAPTER 16 ALTERED PERFUSION ........................................................................................................... 107
CHAPTER 17 ALTERED NUTRITION ........................................................................................................... 113
CHAPTER 18 ALTERED ELIMINATION ....................................................................................................... 118
CHAPTER 19 DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN AGING .................................................................................. 123
CHAPTER 20 INTEGRATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CONCEPTS................................................................... 131
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. THE NUCLEUS ___________, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR FUNCTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE CELL.
A) IS THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE
C) TRANSFORMS CELLULAR ENERGY
D) INITIATES AEROBIC METABOLISM
2. ALTHOUGH ENERGY IS NOT MADE IN MITOCHONDRIA, THEY ARE KNOWN AS THE POWER
PLANTS OF THE CELL BECAUSE THEY:
A) CONTAIN RNA FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
,B) UTILIZE GLYCOLYSIS FOR OXIDATIVE ENERGY.
C) EXTRACT ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
D) STORE CALCIUM BONDS FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS.
3. ALTHOUGH THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE IS FORMED BY A LIPID
BILAYER, MOST OF THE SPECIFIC MEMBRANE FUNCTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT BY:
A) BOUND AND TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS.
B) COMPLEX, LONG CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS.
C) SURFACE ANTIGENS AND HORMONE RECEPTORS.
D) A GATING SYSTEM OF SELECTIVE ION CHANNELS.
4. TO EFFECTIVELY RELAY SIGNALS, CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION UTILIZES CHEMICAL
MESSENGER SYSTEMS THAT:
A) DISPLACE SURFACE RECEPTOR PROTEINS.
B) ACCUMULATE WITHIN CELL GAP JUNCTIONS.
C) BIND TO CONTRACTILE MICROFILAMENTS.
D) RELEASE SECRETIONS INTO EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
5. AEROBIC METABOLISM, ALSO KNOWN AS OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, PROVIDES ENERGY BY:
A) REMOVING THE PHOSPHATE BONDS FROM ATP.
B) COMBINING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO FORM WATER.
C) ACTIVATING PYRUVATE STORED IN THE CYTOPLASM.
D) BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE TO FORM LACTIC ACID.
6. EXOCYTOSIS, THE REVERSE OF ENDOCYTOSIS, IS IMPORTANT IN INTO THE EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID.
A) ENGULFING AND INGESTING FLUID AND PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT
B) KILLING, DEGRADING, AND DISSOLVING HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS
C) REMOVING CELLULAR DEBRIS AND RELEASING SYNTHESIZED SUBSTANCES
D) DESTRUCTION OF PARTICLES BY LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES FOR SECRETION
7. THE PROCESS RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERATING AND CONDUCTING MEMBRANE POTENTIALS IS:
A) DIFFUSION OF CURRENT-CARRYING IONS.
B) MILLIVOLTAGE OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL.
, C) POLARIZATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES.
D) ION CHANNEL NEUROTRANSMISSION.
8. EPITHELIAL TISSUES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE CELLS AND THE
NUMBER OF LAYERS. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CORRECTLY MATCHED DESCRIPTION AND TYPE OF
EPITHELIAL TISSUE?
A) SIMPLE EPITHELIUM: CELLS IN CONTACT WITH INTERCELLULAR MATRIX; SOME DO NOT EXTEND
TO SURFACE
B) STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS; ALL CELLS REST ON BASEMENT MEMBRANE
C) GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM: ARISE FROM SURFACE EPITHELIA AND UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
D) PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: MULTIPLE LAYERS OF CELLS; DEEPEST LAYER RESTS ON
BASEMENT MEMBRANE
9. CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONTAINS FIBROBLASTS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:
A) PROVIDING A FIBROUS FRAMEWORK FOR CAPILLARIES.
B) SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, AND RETICULAR FIBERS.
C) FORMING TENDONS AND THE FASCIA THAT COVERS MUSCLES.
D) FILLING SPACES BETWEEN TISSUES TO KEEP ORGANS IN PLACE.
10. ALTHOUGH ALL MUSCLE TISSUE CELLS HAVE SOME SIMILARITIES, SMOOTH MUSCLE (ALSO
KNOWN AS INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE) DIFFERS BY:
A) HAVING DENSE BODIES ATTACHED TO ACTIN FILAMENTS.
B) CONTAINING SARCOMERES BETWEEN Z LINES AND M BANDS.
C) HAVING RAPID CONTRACTIONS AND ABUNDANT CROSS-STRIATIONS.
D) CONTRACTING IN RESPONSE TO INCREASED INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM.
11. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEUS IS PERFORMED BY
RIBOSOMAL RNA (RRNA)?
A) COPYING AND CARRYING DNA INSTRUCTIONS FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CARRYING AMINO ACIDS TO THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
C) PROVIDING THE SITE WHERE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OCCURS
D) REGULATING AND CONTROLLING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
12. BREAKDOWN AND REMOVAL OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES AND WORN-OUT CELL PARTS ARE
PERFORMED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANELLES?
NORTH AMERICAN EDITION BY JUDI NATH (AUTHOR), CARIE BRAUN (AUTHOR),
CINDY ANDERSON (AUTHOR) COMPLETE GUIDE| CHAPTER 1-20(ANSWERS AT
THE END OF EVERY CHAPTER)
, Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.................................................................................. 2
CHAPTER 2 ALTERED CELLS AND TISSUES .................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 3 INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE REPAIR .................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 4 ALTERED IMMUNITY ............................................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER 5 INFECTION ............................................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 6 GENETIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS ........................................................................ 28
CHAPTER 7 ALTERED CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION ............................................... 34
CHAPTER 8 ALTERED FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE ........................................................................ 37
CHAPTER 9 ALTERED ACID−BASE BALANCE ............................................................................................... 42
CHAPTER 10 ALTERED NEURAL FUNCTION ................................................................................................ 66
CHAPTER 11 ALTERED MOOD, ATTENTION, AND BEHAVIOR ................................................................... 71
CHAPTER 12 ALTERED SOMATIC AND SPECIAL SENSORY FUNCTION ....................................................... 81
CHAPTER 13 ALTERED HORMONAL AND METABOLIC REGULATION ........................................................ 86
CHAPTER 14 ALTERED REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION ................................................................................... 92
CHAPTER 15 ALTERED VENTILATION AND DIFFUSION ............................................................................ 102
CHAPTER 16 ALTERED PERFUSION ........................................................................................................... 107
CHAPTER 17 ALTERED NUTRITION ........................................................................................................... 113
CHAPTER 18 ALTERED ELIMINATION ....................................................................................................... 118
CHAPTER 19 DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN AGING .................................................................................. 123
CHAPTER 20 INTEGRATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CONCEPTS................................................................... 131
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. THE NUCLEUS ___________, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR FUNCTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE CELL.
A) IS THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE
C) TRANSFORMS CELLULAR ENERGY
D) INITIATES AEROBIC METABOLISM
2. ALTHOUGH ENERGY IS NOT MADE IN MITOCHONDRIA, THEY ARE KNOWN AS THE POWER
PLANTS OF THE CELL BECAUSE THEY:
A) CONTAIN RNA FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
,B) UTILIZE GLYCOLYSIS FOR OXIDATIVE ENERGY.
C) EXTRACT ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
D) STORE CALCIUM BONDS FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS.
3. ALTHOUGH THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE IS FORMED BY A LIPID
BILAYER, MOST OF THE SPECIFIC MEMBRANE FUNCTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT BY:
A) BOUND AND TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS.
B) COMPLEX, LONG CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS.
C) SURFACE ANTIGENS AND HORMONE RECEPTORS.
D) A GATING SYSTEM OF SELECTIVE ION CHANNELS.
4. TO EFFECTIVELY RELAY SIGNALS, CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION UTILIZES CHEMICAL
MESSENGER SYSTEMS THAT:
A) DISPLACE SURFACE RECEPTOR PROTEINS.
B) ACCUMULATE WITHIN CELL GAP JUNCTIONS.
C) BIND TO CONTRACTILE MICROFILAMENTS.
D) RELEASE SECRETIONS INTO EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
5. AEROBIC METABOLISM, ALSO KNOWN AS OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, PROVIDES ENERGY BY:
A) REMOVING THE PHOSPHATE BONDS FROM ATP.
B) COMBINING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO FORM WATER.
C) ACTIVATING PYRUVATE STORED IN THE CYTOPLASM.
D) BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE TO FORM LACTIC ACID.
6. EXOCYTOSIS, THE REVERSE OF ENDOCYTOSIS, IS IMPORTANT IN INTO THE EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID.
A) ENGULFING AND INGESTING FLUID AND PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT
B) KILLING, DEGRADING, AND DISSOLVING HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS
C) REMOVING CELLULAR DEBRIS AND RELEASING SYNTHESIZED SUBSTANCES
D) DESTRUCTION OF PARTICLES BY LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES FOR SECRETION
7. THE PROCESS RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERATING AND CONDUCTING MEMBRANE POTENTIALS IS:
A) DIFFUSION OF CURRENT-CARRYING IONS.
B) MILLIVOLTAGE OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL.
, C) POLARIZATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES.
D) ION CHANNEL NEUROTRANSMISSION.
8. EPITHELIAL TISSUES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE CELLS AND THE
NUMBER OF LAYERS. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CORRECTLY MATCHED DESCRIPTION AND TYPE OF
EPITHELIAL TISSUE?
A) SIMPLE EPITHELIUM: CELLS IN CONTACT WITH INTERCELLULAR MATRIX; SOME DO NOT EXTEND
TO SURFACE
B) STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS; ALL CELLS REST ON BASEMENT MEMBRANE
C) GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM: ARISE FROM SURFACE EPITHELIA AND UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
D) PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: MULTIPLE LAYERS OF CELLS; DEEPEST LAYER RESTS ON
BASEMENT MEMBRANE
9. CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONTAINS FIBROBLASTS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:
A) PROVIDING A FIBROUS FRAMEWORK FOR CAPILLARIES.
B) SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, AND RETICULAR FIBERS.
C) FORMING TENDONS AND THE FASCIA THAT COVERS MUSCLES.
D) FILLING SPACES BETWEEN TISSUES TO KEEP ORGANS IN PLACE.
10. ALTHOUGH ALL MUSCLE TISSUE CELLS HAVE SOME SIMILARITIES, SMOOTH MUSCLE (ALSO
KNOWN AS INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE) DIFFERS BY:
A) HAVING DENSE BODIES ATTACHED TO ACTIN FILAMENTS.
B) CONTAINING SARCOMERES BETWEEN Z LINES AND M BANDS.
C) HAVING RAPID CONTRACTIONS AND ABUNDANT CROSS-STRIATIONS.
D) CONTRACTING IN RESPONSE TO INCREASED INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM.
11. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEUS IS PERFORMED BY
RIBOSOMAL RNA (RRNA)?
A) COPYING AND CARRYING DNA INSTRUCTIONS FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CARRYING AMINO ACIDS TO THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
C) PROVIDING THE SITE WHERE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OCCURS
D) REGULATING AND CONTROLLING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
12. BREAKDOWN AND REMOVAL OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES AND WORN-OUT CELL PARTS ARE
PERFORMED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANELLES?
