Test Bank For McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 9th Edition By Julia Rogers, All Chapters 1 – 50, A+ guide.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
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McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH
ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)




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Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE pr pr
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1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ANS: C pr pr


In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
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surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular met
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abolic absorption. pr pr
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2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus pr pr pr


b. Ribosome d. Lysosome pr pr pr
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ANS: C pr pr


The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, m
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ost of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do no
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t contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
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3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
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2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
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reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes pr pr pr


b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes pr pr pr
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ANS: B pr pr


Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remo
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ve hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2,
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which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from
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peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA- pr pr pr


protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into
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the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lyso
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somes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than
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40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
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acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
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4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell inj
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ury? pr


a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum pr pr pr pr pr


b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes pr pr pr pr
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ANS: D pr pr


The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzy
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mes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic
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matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a rel
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ease of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causin
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g cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cel
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ls from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosom
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e for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysoso
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me for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membran
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e. pr


c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
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me for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
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d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
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ANS: A pr pr


The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome f
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or synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other opti
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ons do not correctly describe this process.
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2 pr pr pr


b. S d. M pr pr pr
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ANS: B pr pr


The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
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period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phas
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e (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase,
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during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of D
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NA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cy
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toplasmic division. pr pr
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7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as recept
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ors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids pr c. Proteins
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b. Proteases pr d. Carbohydrates
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ANS: C pr pr


Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and
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out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles cal
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led ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3)
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specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions,
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particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for
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example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment.
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The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
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mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
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which human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders pr pr pr pr


b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders pr pr pr pr


c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders pr pr pr pr


d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders pr pr pr pr
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ANS: B pr pr


Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug inter
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ventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, includ
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ing cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not corr
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ectly describe this process.
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9. Which structure prevents water-
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soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane? NURSINGTB.COM
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a. Carbohydrate chains pr pr c. Membrane channel proteins
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b. Glycoprotein channels pr pr d. Lipid bilayer
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ANS: D pr pr


The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membran
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e. It is impermeable to most water-
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soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
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soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to t
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he diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
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soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it re
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adily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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a. How a cell membrane functions pr pr pr pr pr


b. Why our bodies appear to be solid pr pr pr pr pr pr pr


c. How tissue is differentiated pr pr pr pr




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