Bio 116 Final Shreve Questions with Complete Solutions.
Course
BIO 116
Question 1: Genetics and DNA Replication
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA
replication?
a) DNA polymerase
b) Helicase
c) Ligase
d) Primase
Answer:
Correct Answer: b) Helicase
Rationale: Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix,
creating single-stranded templates for replication. DNA polymerase is responsible for
adding nucleotides, Ligase seals gaps, and Primase synthesizes RNA primers.
Question 2: Photosynthesis
In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which molecule is directly involved in the
production of ATP?
a) NADPH
b) Oxygen
c) ATP Synthase
d) Glucose
Answer:
Correct Answer: c) ATP Synthase
Rationale: ATP Synthase uses the proton gradient generated during the light-dependent
reactions to synthesize ATP. NADPH is produced in the light reactions, oxygen is released
as a byproduct, and glucose is a product of the Calvin cycle.
Question 3: Cell Division
,Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
a) Interphase
b) Prophase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
Answer:
Correct Answer: c) Anaphase
Rationale: During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the
cell. Interphase is the preparation phase, prophase is when chromatids condense, and
telophase is when the nuclear membrane re-forms.
Question 4: Protein Synthesis
Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
a) They synthesize mRNA from DNA.
b) They carry amino acids to the ribosome.
c) They catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.
d) They transcribe DNA into RNA.
Answer:
Correct Answer: c) They catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.
Rationale: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and catalyze the formation of
peptide bonds between amino acids. mRNA transcription is carried out by RNA
polymerase, and transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome.
Question 5: Enzyme Activity
Which factor does NOT typically influence the activity of an enzyme?
a) Temperature
b) pH
c) Substrate concentration
d) Light intensity
Answer:
, Correct Answer: d) Light intensity
Rationale: Enzyme activity is affected by temperature, pH, and substrate concentration,
but light intensity does not typically affect enzyme function unless the enzyme is
involved in light-dependent reactions (like in photosynthesis).
Question 6: Cellular Respiration
In cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport
chain?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Glucose
d) NAD+
Answer:
Correct Answer: a) Oxygen
Rationale: Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, where it
combines with electrons and protons to form water. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the
citric acid cycle, and glucose is the starting molecule for cellular respiration. NAD+ is
involved in the earlier steps as an electron carrier.
Question 7: Evolution
Which of the following concepts is central to the theory of natural selection?
a) Inheritance of acquired characteristics
b) Genetic drift
c) Survival of the fittest
d) Artificial selection
Answer:
Correct Answer: c) Survival of the fittest
Rationale: "Survival of the fittest" refers to the process by which organisms that are
better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully.
Inheritance of acquired characteristics was a theory proposed by Lamarck, while genetic
, drift and artificial selection are also evolutionary concepts but not central to natural
selection.
Question 8: Genetics
In a dihybrid cross, if two heterozygous individuals (AaBb × AaBb) are crossed, what is the
probability that the offspring will be homozygous recessive for both traits (aabb)?
a) 1/16
b) 1/4
c) 1/2
d) 1/8
Answer:
Correct Answer: a) 1/16
Rationale: In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (AaBb × AaBb), the
probability of getting the homozygous recessive genotype (aabb) is 1/16, based on the
Punnett square and independent assortment of alleles.
Question 9: Body Systems
Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory system?
a) To circulate blood throughout the body
b) To deliver oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide
c) To break down food and absorb nutrients
d) To protect the body from pathogens
Answer:
Correct Answer: b) To deliver oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide
Rationale: The respiratory system is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases:
delivering oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide as a waste product.
Circulating blood is the role of the circulatory system, digestion involves nutrient
absorption, and immune protection is handled by the immune system.
Question 10: Ecology
Course
BIO 116
Question 1: Genetics and DNA Replication
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA
replication?
a) DNA polymerase
b) Helicase
c) Ligase
d) Primase
Answer:
Correct Answer: b) Helicase
Rationale: Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix,
creating single-stranded templates for replication. DNA polymerase is responsible for
adding nucleotides, Ligase seals gaps, and Primase synthesizes RNA primers.
Question 2: Photosynthesis
In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which molecule is directly involved in the
production of ATP?
a) NADPH
b) Oxygen
c) ATP Synthase
d) Glucose
Answer:
Correct Answer: c) ATP Synthase
Rationale: ATP Synthase uses the proton gradient generated during the light-dependent
reactions to synthesize ATP. NADPH is produced in the light reactions, oxygen is released
as a byproduct, and glucose is a product of the Calvin cycle.
Question 3: Cell Division
,Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
a) Interphase
b) Prophase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
Answer:
Correct Answer: c) Anaphase
Rationale: During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the
cell. Interphase is the preparation phase, prophase is when chromatids condense, and
telophase is when the nuclear membrane re-forms.
Question 4: Protein Synthesis
Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
a) They synthesize mRNA from DNA.
b) They carry amino acids to the ribosome.
c) They catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.
d) They transcribe DNA into RNA.
Answer:
Correct Answer: c) They catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.
Rationale: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and catalyze the formation of
peptide bonds between amino acids. mRNA transcription is carried out by RNA
polymerase, and transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome.
Question 5: Enzyme Activity
Which factor does NOT typically influence the activity of an enzyme?
a) Temperature
b) pH
c) Substrate concentration
d) Light intensity
Answer:
, Correct Answer: d) Light intensity
Rationale: Enzyme activity is affected by temperature, pH, and substrate concentration,
but light intensity does not typically affect enzyme function unless the enzyme is
involved in light-dependent reactions (like in photosynthesis).
Question 6: Cellular Respiration
In cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport
chain?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Glucose
d) NAD+
Answer:
Correct Answer: a) Oxygen
Rationale: Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, where it
combines with electrons and protons to form water. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the
citric acid cycle, and glucose is the starting molecule for cellular respiration. NAD+ is
involved in the earlier steps as an electron carrier.
Question 7: Evolution
Which of the following concepts is central to the theory of natural selection?
a) Inheritance of acquired characteristics
b) Genetic drift
c) Survival of the fittest
d) Artificial selection
Answer:
Correct Answer: c) Survival of the fittest
Rationale: "Survival of the fittest" refers to the process by which organisms that are
better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully.
Inheritance of acquired characteristics was a theory proposed by Lamarck, while genetic
, drift and artificial selection are also evolutionary concepts but not central to natural
selection.
Question 8: Genetics
In a dihybrid cross, if two heterozygous individuals (AaBb × AaBb) are crossed, what is the
probability that the offspring will be homozygous recessive for both traits (aabb)?
a) 1/16
b) 1/4
c) 1/2
d) 1/8
Answer:
Correct Answer: a) 1/16
Rationale: In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (AaBb × AaBb), the
probability of getting the homozygous recessive genotype (aabb) is 1/16, based on the
Punnett square and independent assortment of alleles.
Question 9: Body Systems
Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory system?
a) To circulate blood throughout the body
b) To deliver oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide
c) To break down food and absorb nutrients
d) To protect the body from pathogens
Answer:
Correct Answer: b) To deliver oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide
Rationale: The respiratory system is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases:
delivering oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide as a waste product.
Circulating blood is the role of the circulatory system, digestion involves nutrient
absorption, and immune protection is handled by the immune system.
Question 10: Ecology
