BIOL 215 Passburg: Final Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
blood - CORRECT ANSWER - leaves the heart via arteries that branch repeatedly until
they become capillaries
oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER - (and nutrients) diffuse across capillary walls and enter
tissues
carbon dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER - (and wastes) move from tissues into the blood
oxygen-deficient blood - CORRECT ANSWER - leaves the capillaries and flows in veins
to the heart (this blood flows to the lungs where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen
(gas exchange))
oxygen-rich blood - CORRECT ANSWER - returns to the heart
functions of blood - CORRECT ANSWER - transportation and distribution of substances,
regulation, and protection
what does blood regulate? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood levels of particular substances,
body temperature, and blood pH
what does blood protect the body from? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood loss and infection
what does blood transport? - CORRECT ANSWER - -oxygen from the lungs and nutrients
from digestive tract
-metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and kidneys for elimination
,-hormones from endocrine glands to target organs
what does blood maintain? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Appropriate body temperature by
absorbing and distributing heat
-Normal pH in body tissues using buffer systems
-Adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system
how does blood prevent blood loss? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Activating plasma proteins
and platelets
-Initiating clot formation when a vessel is broken
how does blood prevent infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Synthesizing and utilizing
antibodies
-Activating complement proteins
-Activating WBCs to defend the body against foreign invaders
what is the body's only fluid tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood
what is blood composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER - liquid plasma and formed elements
hematocrit - CORRECT ANSWER - the percentage of RBCs out of the total blood volume
(45% cells/55% plasma)
how much blood volume does plasma account for? - CORRECT ANSWER - 55%
What does plasma contain? - CORRECT ANSWER - 92% water, 7% plasma proteins, 1%
higher concentration of dissolved oxygen and dissolved proteins than interstitual fluid
,fibrinogen - CORRECT ANSWER - makes up 4% of plasma proteins, formes fibrin
threads of blood clot during clotting, and removal of fibrinogen leaves serum
formed elements - CORRECT ANSWER - makes up 45% of whole blood, composed of
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
erythrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - RBC's, carry oxygen throughout the body, 4.5-6
million/mL
leukocyte - CORRECT ANSWER - WBCs, fight infection, 4,800-10,800/mL
thrombocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - platelets, ivolved with blood clotting, 150000-
450000/mL
erythrocyte function - CORRECT ANSWER - respiratory gas transport, hemoglobin binds
reversibly with oxygen
hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - reversibly binds with oxygen and carbon dioxide,
can transport 4 molecules of oxygen, and carries 20% of carbon dioxide released by tissues back
to the lungs
erythrocytes (RBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER - -Biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no
organelles
-Filled with hemoglobin (Hb), a protein that functions in gas transport
-Contain the plasma membrane protein spectrin and other proteins that give erythrocytes their
flexibility and allow them to change shape as necessary
-Produce ATP through anaerobic respiration
structure of RBCs - CORRECT ANSWER - shape allows them to stack, bend, and flex
, what drug makes RBCs more flexible? - CORRECT ANSWER - trental
what does the plasma protein spectrin do in RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER - give
erythrocytes flexibility and allow them to change shape when necessary
what is hemoglobin? - CORRECT ANSWER - a golbular protein formed of 2 subunits-
each subunit is made of 2 polypeptide units containing a molecule of heme which reversibly
binds to an oxygen molecule
what happens to dead or damaged RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER - they are recyclec by
phagocytes in the spleen and liver
oxyhemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - hemoglobin bound to oxygen (oxygen loading
takes place in the lungs)
deoxyhemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - hemoglobin after oxygen diffues into tissues
carbaminohemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide
(loading takes place in tissues)
hematopoesis - CORRECT ANSWER - blood cell formation; occurs in red bone marrow
of the flat bones or long bone epiphyses
hemocytoblasts - CORRECT ANSWER - give rise to all formed elements
erythropoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER - production of red blood cells (erythrocytes only)
what is erythropoietin (EPO) release by the kidneys triggered by? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -hypoxia, due to increased RBCs
-decreased oxygen availability
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
blood - CORRECT ANSWER - leaves the heart via arteries that branch repeatedly until
they become capillaries
oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER - (and nutrients) diffuse across capillary walls and enter
tissues
carbon dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER - (and wastes) move from tissues into the blood
oxygen-deficient blood - CORRECT ANSWER - leaves the capillaries and flows in veins
to the heart (this blood flows to the lungs where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen
(gas exchange))
oxygen-rich blood - CORRECT ANSWER - returns to the heart
functions of blood - CORRECT ANSWER - transportation and distribution of substances,
regulation, and protection
what does blood regulate? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood levels of particular substances,
body temperature, and blood pH
what does blood protect the body from? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood loss and infection
what does blood transport? - CORRECT ANSWER - -oxygen from the lungs and nutrients
from digestive tract
-metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and kidneys for elimination
,-hormones from endocrine glands to target organs
what does blood maintain? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Appropriate body temperature by
absorbing and distributing heat
-Normal pH in body tissues using buffer systems
-Adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system
how does blood prevent blood loss? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Activating plasma proteins
and platelets
-Initiating clot formation when a vessel is broken
how does blood prevent infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Synthesizing and utilizing
antibodies
-Activating complement proteins
-Activating WBCs to defend the body against foreign invaders
what is the body's only fluid tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood
what is blood composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER - liquid plasma and formed elements
hematocrit - CORRECT ANSWER - the percentage of RBCs out of the total blood volume
(45% cells/55% plasma)
how much blood volume does plasma account for? - CORRECT ANSWER - 55%
What does plasma contain? - CORRECT ANSWER - 92% water, 7% plasma proteins, 1%
higher concentration of dissolved oxygen and dissolved proteins than interstitual fluid
,fibrinogen - CORRECT ANSWER - makes up 4% of plasma proteins, formes fibrin
threads of blood clot during clotting, and removal of fibrinogen leaves serum
formed elements - CORRECT ANSWER - makes up 45% of whole blood, composed of
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
erythrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - RBC's, carry oxygen throughout the body, 4.5-6
million/mL
leukocyte - CORRECT ANSWER - WBCs, fight infection, 4,800-10,800/mL
thrombocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - platelets, ivolved with blood clotting, 150000-
450000/mL
erythrocyte function - CORRECT ANSWER - respiratory gas transport, hemoglobin binds
reversibly with oxygen
hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - reversibly binds with oxygen and carbon dioxide,
can transport 4 molecules of oxygen, and carries 20% of carbon dioxide released by tissues back
to the lungs
erythrocytes (RBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER - -Biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no
organelles
-Filled with hemoglobin (Hb), a protein that functions in gas transport
-Contain the plasma membrane protein spectrin and other proteins that give erythrocytes their
flexibility and allow them to change shape as necessary
-Produce ATP through anaerobic respiration
structure of RBCs - CORRECT ANSWER - shape allows them to stack, bend, and flex
, what drug makes RBCs more flexible? - CORRECT ANSWER - trental
what does the plasma protein spectrin do in RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER - give
erythrocytes flexibility and allow them to change shape when necessary
what is hemoglobin? - CORRECT ANSWER - a golbular protein formed of 2 subunits-
each subunit is made of 2 polypeptide units containing a molecule of heme which reversibly
binds to an oxygen molecule
what happens to dead or damaged RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER - they are recyclec by
phagocytes in the spleen and liver
oxyhemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - hemoglobin bound to oxygen (oxygen loading
takes place in the lungs)
deoxyhemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - hemoglobin after oxygen diffues into tissues
carbaminohemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide
(loading takes place in tissues)
hematopoesis - CORRECT ANSWER - blood cell formation; occurs in red bone marrow
of the flat bones or long bone epiphyses
hemocytoblasts - CORRECT ANSWER - give rise to all formed elements
erythropoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER - production of red blood cells (erythrocytes only)
what is erythropoietin (EPO) release by the kidneys triggered by? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -hypoxia, due to increased RBCs
-decreased oxygen availability
