Pharmacology Exam 1 Blue print UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Rights of Medication Administration - CORRECT ANSWER - Right drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right patient
Right reason or indication
Right response
Right to refuse
Enteral Route - CORRECT ANSWER - Oral, Sublingual, Buccal (Cheek), Rectal
Parenteral Route - CORRECT ANSWER - Intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal,
subcutaneous, intraarterial, intrathecal, intraarticular
Topical Route - CORRECT ANSWER - Skin (including transdermal patches) ,Eyes ,Ears
,Nose ,Lungs (inhalation) ,Rectum ,Vagina
PO (oral) - CORRECT ANSWER - Absorption and slow onset action
Medication given through the mouth. Easier and safer than an injection
Dosing is more likely to be reversible in cases of accidental ingestion
IV (Intravenous) - CORRECT ANSWER - Fastest- avoids first-pass metabolism
,Medication given through a vein directly into the blood stream
Allows more direct control of drug level in blood; gives option of larger fluid vol, therefor
diluting irritating drugs.
Irreversibility of drug action, risk for fluid overload, greater likely hood for infection, and
possibility of embolism
Frequent monitoring for adverse effects
SUBQ (Subcutaneous) - CORRECT ANSWER - Medication given under the subcutaneous
layer (Skin) in the thigh, abdomen, and upper arm at a 45-90 degree angle
Rapid absorption as compared to oral route but slower onset of action as compared to IV
Risk for damage to blood vessels, nerves, and surrounding tissue
IM (intermuscular) - CORRECT ANSWER - Medication given in the ventrogluteal, vastus
lateralis, and deltoid
Rapid absorption as compared to oral route but slower onset of action as compared to IV
Risk for damage to blood vessels, nerves, and surrounding tissue
First pass effect - CORRECT ANSWER - The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the
bloodstream.
First Pass Routes - CORRECT ANSWER - Hepatic arterial
Oral
, Portal venous
Rectal
Non-First Pass Routes - CORRECT ANSWER - Aural (instilled into the ear)
Buccal
Inhaled
Intraarterial
Intramuscular
Intranasal
Intraocular
Intravaginal
Intravenous
Subcutaneous
Sublingual
Transdermal
Which routes are affected by first pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - Oral & IV
Oral medication is have a bioavailability of less than 100%.
IV medication are 100% bioavailable.
Enteric Coated - CORRECT ANSWER - Have a coating that prevents them from being
broken down in the acidic pH environment of the stomach and are not absorbed until they reach
the higher (more alkaline) pH of the intestines.
Can not be crushed or chewed
This pharmaceutical property results in slower dissolution and therefore slower absorption
Sustained release - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow release drug over time.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Rights of Medication Administration - CORRECT ANSWER - Right drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right patient
Right reason or indication
Right response
Right to refuse
Enteral Route - CORRECT ANSWER - Oral, Sublingual, Buccal (Cheek), Rectal
Parenteral Route - CORRECT ANSWER - Intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal,
subcutaneous, intraarterial, intrathecal, intraarticular
Topical Route - CORRECT ANSWER - Skin (including transdermal patches) ,Eyes ,Ears
,Nose ,Lungs (inhalation) ,Rectum ,Vagina
PO (oral) - CORRECT ANSWER - Absorption and slow onset action
Medication given through the mouth. Easier and safer than an injection
Dosing is more likely to be reversible in cases of accidental ingestion
IV (Intravenous) - CORRECT ANSWER - Fastest- avoids first-pass metabolism
,Medication given through a vein directly into the blood stream
Allows more direct control of drug level in blood; gives option of larger fluid vol, therefor
diluting irritating drugs.
Irreversibility of drug action, risk for fluid overload, greater likely hood for infection, and
possibility of embolism
Frequent monitoring for adverse effects
SUBQ (Subcutaneous) - CORRECT ANSWER - Medication given under the subcutaneous
layer (Skin) in the thigh, abdomen, and upper arm at a 45-90 degree angle
Rapid absorption as compared to oral route but slower onset of action as compared to IV
Risk for damage to blood vessels, nerves, and surrounding tissue
IM (intermuscular) - CORRECT ANSWER - Medication given in the ventrogluteal, vastus
lateralis, and deltoid
Rapid absorption as compared to oral route but slower onset of action as compared to IV
Risk for damage to blood vessels, nerves, and surrounding tissue
First pass effect - CORRECT ANSWER - The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the
bloodstream.
First Pass Routes - CORRECT ANSWER - Hepatic arterial
Oral
, Portal venous
Rectal
Non-First Pass Routes - CORRECT ANSWER - Aural (instilled into the ear)
Buccal
Inhaled
Intraarterial
Intramuscular
Intranasal
Intraocular
Intravaginal
Intravenous
Subcutaneous
Sublingual
Transdermal
Which routes are affected by first pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - Oral & IV
Oral medication is have a bioavailability of less than 100%.
IV medication are 100% bioavailable.
Enteric Coated - CORRECT ANSWER - Have a coating that prevents them from being
broken down in the acidic pH environment of the stomach and are not absorbed until they reach
the higher (more alkaline) pH of the intestines.
Can not be crushed or chewed
This pharmaceutical property results in slower dissolution and therefore slower absorption
Sustained release - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow release drug over time.
