PALS 2024/2025 EXAM A QUESTIONS WITH FULLY
SOLVED AND UPDATED ANSWERS(GRADED A+)
A 5 year old child is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after being
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
involved in a MVC. You are using the primary assessment to evaluate the child. When
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
assessing the Childs neurological status, you note that he has spontaneous eye opening,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
is fully oriented, and is able to follow command. How would you document this Childs
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
AVPU pediatric response scale finding?
_ _ _ _
A. Alert_
B. Voice_
C. Painful _
D. Unresponsive -- Answer ✔✔ Alert
_ _ _ _ _
You are caring for a 3 month old boy with a 2 day history of fever, vomiting and diarrhea.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His HR is 190/min, temp is 38.3
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
degrees C (101 F) blood pressure is 59/29 mmHg, Resp rate is 70/min and shallow, and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
oxygen sat is 94% on 100% oxygen. His capillary refills time is 4-5 seconds, and he has
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 Kg.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
On the basis of this infant's presentation, what type of shock does this infant have?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A. Cardiogenic
_
B. Distributive
_ _
C. Hypovolemic
_
D. Obstructive -- Answer ✔✔ C. Hypovolemic
_ _ _ _ _ _
You are caring for a 3 month old boy with a 2 day history of fever, vomiting and diarrhea.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His HR is 190/min, temp is 38.3
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
degrees C (101 F) blood pressure is 59/29 mmHg, Resp rate is 70/min and shallow, and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
oxygen sat is 94% on 100% oxygen. His capillary refills time is 4-5 seconds, and he has
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 Kg.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
, You have decided that this infant needs fluid resuscitation. How much fluid should you
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
administered? _
A. 10 mL/kg lactated Ringer's
_ _ _ _
B. 15 mL/kg 5% dextrose in 0.45% normal saline
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C. 20 mL/kg normal saline
_ _ _ _
D. 20 mL/kg 0.45% normal saline -- Answer ✔✔ C. 20mL/kg normal saline
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A 4 year old child is brought to the emergency department for seizures. The seizures
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
stopped a few minutes ago, but the child continues to have slow and irregular
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
respirations. Which condition is most consistent with your assessment? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A. Disordered Control of Breathing
_ _ _ _
B. Lower airway obstruction
_ _ _
C. Lung tissue disease
_ _ _
D. Upper airway obstruction -- Answer ✔✔ A. Disordered Control of Breathing
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
You are evaluating a 1 year old child for respiratory distress. His HR is 168/min, and his
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
respiratory rate has decreased from 65/min to 30/min. He now appears more lethargic
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
and continues to have severe subcostal retractions. On the basis of your assessment,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
which is the most likely reason for this change in the Childs condition.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A. The child has a neurologic problem rather than a respiratory problem
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
B. The child has signs of probable respiratory failure
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C. The child likely has arrhythmia rather than a respiratory problem
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
D. The child status is improving -- Answer ✔✔ B. The child has signs of probable
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
respiratory failure _
A 7 year old child in cardiac arrest is brought to the ED by ambulance. No palpable
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
pulses are detected. The Childs ECG is shown here. How would you characterize this
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Childs rhythm? _
A. Pulseless Electrical Activity
_ _ _
B. Sinus bradycardia
_ _
C. Ventricular escape rhythm
_ _ _
SOLVED AND UPDATED ANSWERS(GRADED A+)
A 5 year old child is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after being
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
involved in a MVC. You are using the primary assessment to evaluate the child. When
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
assessing the Childs neurological status, you note that he has spontaneous eye opening,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
is fully oriented, and is able to follow command. How would you document this Childs
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
AVPU pediatric response scale finding?
_ _ _ _
A. Alert_
B. Voice_
C. Painful _
D. Unresponsive -- Answer ✔✔ Alert
_ _ _ _ _
You are caring for a 3 month old boy with a 2 day history of fever, vomiting and diarrhea.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His HR is 190/min, temp is 38.3
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
degrees C (101 F) blood pressure is 59/29 mmHg, Resp rate is 70/min and shallow, and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
oxygen sat is 94% on 100% oxygen. His capillary refills time is 4-5 seconds, and he has
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 Kg.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
On the basis of this infant's presentation, what type of shock does this infant have?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A. Cardiogenic
_
B. Distributive
_ _
C. Hypovolemic
_
D. Obstructive -- Answer ✔✔ C. Hypovolemic
_ _ _ _ _ _
You are caring for a 3 month old boy with a 2 day history of fever, vomiting and diarrhea.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His HR is 190/min, temp is 38.3
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
degrees C (101 F) blood pressure is 59/29 mmHg, Resp rate is 70/min and shallow, and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
oxygen sat is 94% on 100% oxygen. His capillary refills time is 4-5 seconds, and he has
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 Kg.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
, You have decided that this infant needs fluid resuscitation. How much fluid should you
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
administered? _
A. 10 mL/kg lactated Ringer's
_ _ _ _
B. 15 mL/kg 5% dextrose in 0.45% normal saline
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C. 20 mL/kg normal saline
_ _ _ _
D. 20 mL/kg 0.45% normal saline -- Answer ✔✔ C. 20mL/kg normal saline
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A 4 year old child is brought to the emergency department for seizures. The seizures
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
stopped a few minutes ago, but the child continues to have slow and irregular
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
respirations. Which condition is most consistent with your assessment? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A. Disordered Control of Breathing
_ _ _ _
B. Lower airway obstruction
_ _ _
C. Lung tissue disease
_ _ _
D. Upper airway obstruction -- Answer ✔✔ A. Disordered Control of Breathing
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
You are evaluating a 1 year old child for respiratory distress. His HR is 168/min, and his
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
respiratory rate has decreased from 65/min to 30/min. He now appears more lethargic
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
and continues to have severe subcostal retractions. On the basis of your assessment,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
which is the most likely reason for this change in the Childs condition.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A. The child has a neurologic problem rather than a respiratory problem
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
B. The child has signs of probable respiratory failure
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C. The child likely has arrhythmia rather than a respiratory problem
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
D. The child status is improving -- Answer ✔✔ B. The child has signs of probable
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
respiratory failure _
A 7 year old child in cardiac arrest is brought to the ED by ambulance. No palpable
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
pulses are detected. The Childs ECG is shown here. How would you characterize this
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Childs rhythm? _
A. Pulseless Electrical Activity
_ _ _
B. Sinus bradycardia
_ _
C. Ventricular escape rhythm
_ _ _
