Oncology NCLEX
The nurse is teaching a wellness class to a group of women at their
workplace. The nurse knows that which woman is at highest risk for
developing cancer?
A. A woman who obtains regular cancer screenings and consumes a high-
fiber diet
B.A woman who has a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 and smoked
cigarettes for 20 years
C.A woman who exercises five times every week and does not
consume alcoholic beverages
D.A woman who limits fat consumption and has regular mammography
and Pap screenings correct answersB. A woman who has a body mass
index of 35 kg/m2 and smoked cigarettes for 20 years
Cancer prevention and early detection are associated with the following
behaviors: limited alcohol use; regular physical activity; maintaining a
normal body weight; obtaining regular cancer screenings; avoiding cigarette
smoking and other tobacco use; using sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher; and
practicing healthy dietary habits (e.g., reduced fat and increased fruits and
vegetables).
The nurse is caring for an 18-year-old female patient with acute
lymphocytic leukemia who is scheduled to receive hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation (HSCT). Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates
a correct understanding of the procedure?
E. "After the transplant I will feel better and can go home in 5 to 7 days."
F. "I understand the transplant procedure has no dangerous side effects."
G. "My brother will be a 100% match for the cells used during the
transplant."
H."Before the transplant I will have chemotherapy and possibly full
body radiation." correct answersD. "Before the transplant I will have
chemotherapy and possibly full body radiation."
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires eradication of
diseased or cancer cells. This is accomplished by administering higher-than-
usual dosages of chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. A relative
such as a brother would not be a perfect match with human leukocyte
antigens; only identical twins are an exact match. HSCT is an intensive
procedure with adverse effects and possible death. HSCT recipients can
expect a 2- to 4-week hospitalization after the transplant.
The nurse assesses a 76-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia
receiving nilotinib (Tasigna). It is most important for the nurse to ask which
question?
I. "Have you had a fever?"
J. "Have you lost any weight?"
K. "Has diarrhea been a problem?"
L. "Have you noticed any hair loss?" correct answersA. "Have you had a
fever?"
, An adverse effect of nilotinib is neutropenia. Infection is common in
neutropenic patients and is the primary cause of death in cancer patients.
Patients should report a temperature of 100.4o F or higher. Other adverse
effects of nilotinib are thrombocytopenia, bleeding, nausea, fatigue, elevated
lipase level, fever, rash, pruritus, diarrhea, and pneumonia.
A 64-year-old male patient who is receiving radiation to the head and neck
as treatment for an invasive malignant tumor complains of mouth sores and
pain. Which intervention should the nurse add to this patient's plan of care?
A. Weigh the patient every month to monitor for weight loss.
B. Cleanse the mouth every 2 to 4 hours with hydrogen peroxide.
C. Provide high-protein and high-calorie, soft foods every 2 hours.
D. Apply palifermin (Kepivance) liberally to the affected oral mucosa. correct
answersC. Provide high-protein and high-calorie, soft foods every 2 hours.
A patient with stomatitis should have soft, nonirritating foods offered
frequently. The diet should be high in protein and high in calories. Saline or
water should be used to cleanse the mouth (not hydrogen peroxide).
Palifermin is administered intravenously as a growth factor to stimulate cells
on the surface layer of the mouth to grow. Patients should be weighed at
least twice each week to monitor for weight loss.
A 70-year-old man who has end-stage lung cancer is admitted to the
hospital with confusion and oliguria for 2 days. Which finding would the
nurse report immediately to the health care provider?
A. Weight gain of 2 lb
D. Urine specific gravity of 1.015
C. Blood urea nitrogen of 20 mg/dL
D. Serum sodium level of 118 mEq/L correct answersD. Serum sodium
level of 118 mEq/L
Lung cancer cells are able to manufacture and release antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) with resultant water retention and hyponatremia. Hyponatremia
(serum sodium levels less than 135 mEq/L) may lead to central nervous
system symptoms such as confusion, seizures, coma, and death. A weight
gain may be due to fluid retention. The urine specific gravity and blood urea
nitrogen are normal.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving an initial dose of chemotherapy to
treat a rapidly growing metastatic colon cancer. The nurse is aware that this
patient is at risk for tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and will monitor the
patient closely for which abnormality associated with this oncologic
emergency?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypouricemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypophosphatemia correct answersC. Hypocalcemia
The nurse is teaching a wellness class to a group of women at their
workplace. The nurse knows that which woman is at highest risk for
developing cancer?
A. A woman who obtains regular cancer screenings and consumes a high-
fiber diet
B.A woman who has a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 and smoked
cigarettes for 20 years
C.A woman who exercises five times every week and does not
consume alcoholic beverages
D.A woman who limits fat consumption and has regular mammography
and Pap screenings correct answersB. A woman who has a body mass
index of 35 kg/m2 and smoked cigarettes for 20 years
Cancer prevention and early detection are associated with the following
behaviors: limited alcohol use; regular physical activity; maintaining a
normal body weight; obtaining regular cancer screenings; avoiding cigarette
smoking and other tobacco use; using sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher; and
practicing healthy dietary habits (e.g., reduced fat and increased fruits and
vegetables).
The nurse is caring for an 18-year-old female patient with acute
lymphocytic leukemia who is scheduled to receive hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation (HSCT). Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates
a correct understanding of the procedure?
E. "After the transplant I will feel better and can go home in 5 to 7 days."
F. "I understand the transplant procedure has no dangerous side effects."
G. "My brother will be a 100% match for the cells used during the
transplant."
H."Before the transplant I will have chemotherapy and possibly full
body radiation." correct answersD. "Before the transplant I will have
chemotherapy and possibly full body radiation."
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires eradication of
diseased or cancer cells. This is accomplished by administering higher-than-
usual dosages of chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. A relative
such as a brother would not be a perfect match with human leukocyte
antigens; only identical twins are an exact match. HSCT is an intensive
procedure with adverse effects and possible death. HSCT recipients can
expect a 2- to 4-week hospitalization after the transplant.
The nurse assesses a 76-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia
receiving nilotinib (Tasigna). It is most important for the nurse to ask which
question?
I. "Have you had a fever?"
J. "Have you lost any weight?"
K. "Has diarrhea been a problem?"
L. "Have you noticed any hair loss?" correct answersA. "Have you had a
fever?"
, An adverse effect of nilotinib is neutropenia. Infection is common in
neutropenic patients and is the primary cause of death in cancer patients.
Patients should report a temperature of 100.4o F or higher. Other adverse
effects of nilotinib are thrombocytopenia, bleeding, nausea, fatigue, elevated
lipase level, fever, rash, pruritus, diarrhea, and pneumonia.
A 64-year-old male patient who is receiving radiation to the head and neck
as treatment for an invasive malignant tumor complains of mouth sores and
pain. Which intervention should the nurse add to this patient's plan of care?
A. Weigh the patient every month to monitor for weight loss.
B. Cleanse the mouth every 2 to 4 hours with hydrogen peroxide.
C. Provide high-protein and high-calorie, soft foods every 2 hours.
D. Apply palifermin (Kepivance) liberally to the affected oral mucosa. correct
answersC. Provide high-protein and high-calorie, soft foods every 2 hours.
A patient with stomatitis should have soft, nonirritating foods offered
frequently. The diet should be high in protein and high in calories. Saline or
water should be used to cleanse the mouth (not hydrogen peroxide).
Palifermin is administered intravenously as a growth factor to stimulate cells
on the surface layer of the mouth to grow. Patients should be weighed at
least twice each week to monitor for weight loss.
A 70-year-old man who has end-stage lung cancer is admitted to the
hospital with confusion and oliguria for 2 days. Which finding would the
nurse report immediately to the health care provider?
A. Weight gain of 2 lb
D. Urine specific gravity of 1.015
C. Blood urea nitrogen of 20 mg/dL
D. Serum sodium level of 118 mEq/L correct answersD. Serum sodium
level of 118 mEq/L
Lung cancer cells are able to manufacture and release antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) with resultant water retention and hyponatremia. Hyponatremia
(serum sodium levels less than 135 mEq/L) may lead to central nervous
system symptoms such as confusion, seizures, coma, and death. A weight
gain may be due to fluid retention. The urine specific gravity and blood urea
nitrogen are normal.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving an initial dose of chemotherapy to
treat a rapidly growing metastatic colon cancer. The nurse is aware that this
patient is at risk for tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and will monitor the
patient closely for which abnormality associated with this oncologic
emergency?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypouricemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypophosphatemia correct answersC. Hypocalcemia
