Oncology NCLEX
The nurse is teaching the 47-year-old female client about recommended
screening practices for breast cancer. Which statement by the client
indicates understanding of the nurse's instructions?
A. "My mother and grandmother had breast cancer, so I am at risk."
B. "I get a mammography every 2 years since I turned 30."
C. "A clinical breast examination is performed every month since I turned
40."
D."A CT scan will be done every year after I turn 50." correct answersA. A
strong family history of breast cancer indicates a risk for breast cancer.
Annual screening may be indicated for a strong family history. The client may
perform a self-breast examination monthly; a clinical examination by a health
care provider is indicated annually. An annual mammography is performed
after age 40 or in younger clients with a strong family history.
The nurse manager in a long-term care facility is developing a plan for
primary and secondary prevention of colorectal cancer. Which tasks
associated with the screening plan will be delegated to nursing assistants
within the facility?
E. Testing of stool specimens for occult blood
F. Teaching about the importance of dietary fiber
G. Referring clients for colonoscopy procedures
H.Giving vitamin and mineral supplements correct answersA. Testing
of stool specimens for occult blood is done according to a standardized
protocol and can be delegated to nursing assistants.
The nurse includes which of the following in teaching regarding the
warning signs of cancer? Select all that apply.
I. Persistent constipation
J. Scab present for 6 months
K. Curdlike vaginal discharge
L. Axillary swelling
M.Headache correct answersA,B,D: Change in bowel habit, A sore that
does not heal, A lump or thickening in the breast or elsewhere is a warning
signal of cancer.
Which of these does the nurse recognize as the goal of palliative surgery
for the client with cancer?
N. Cure of the cancer
O. Relief of symptoms or improved quality of life
P. Allowing other therapies to be more effective
Q.Prolonging the client's survival time correct answersB. The focus of
palliative surgery is to improve quality of life during the survival time.
Which signs or symptoms should the nurse report immediately because
they indicate thrombocytopenia secondary to cancer chemotherapy?
Select all that apply.
, A. Bruises
B. Fever
C. Petechiae
D. Epistaxis
E.Pallor correct answersA,C,D: Fever is a sign of infection
secondary to neutropenia.Pallor is a sign of anemia.
Which intervention will be most helpful for the client with
mucositis?
F. Administering a biological response modifier
G. Encouraging oral care with commercial mouthwash
H. Providing oral care with a disposable mouth swab
I.Maintaining NPO until the lesions have resolved correct answersC. Mouth
swabs are soft and disposable and therefore clean. Commercial
mouthwashes should be avoided because they may contain alcohol or other
drying agents that may further irritate the mucosa.
When caring for a client who has had a colostomy created as part of a
regimen to treat colon cancer, which activities would help to support the
client in accepting changes in appearance or function? Select all that apply.
J. Explain to the client that the colostomy is only temporary.
K. Encourage the client to participate in changing the ostomy.
L. Obtain a psychiatric consultation.
M. Offer to have a person who is coping with a colostomy visit.
N.Encourage the client and family members to express their feelings
and concerns correct answersB,D,E
The nurse has received in report that the client receiving chemotherapy
has severe neutropenia. Which of the following does the nurse plan to
implement? Select all that apply.
O. Assess for fever.
P. Observe for bleeding.
Q. Administer pegfilgrastim (Neulasta).
R. Do not permit fresh flowers or plants in the room.
S. Do not allow his 16-year-old son to visit.
T.Teach the client to omit raw fruits and vegetables from his diet. correct
answersA,C,D,F: Any temperature elevation in a client with neutropenia is
considered a sign of infection and should be reported immediately.
Administration of biological response modifiers, such as filgrastim
(Neupogen) and pegfilgrastim (Neulasta), is indicated in neutropenia to
prevent infection and sepsis.
All fruits and vegetables should be cooked well; raw fruits and vegetables
may harbor organisms, as well as Flowers and plants. Thrombocytopenia
cause bleeding, not low neutrophils.The client is at risk for infection, not
the visitors, if they are well. However, very small children, who may get
frequent colds and viral infections, may pose a risk.
The nurse is teaching the 47-year-old female client about recommended
screening practices for breast cancer. Which statement by the client
indicates understanding of the nurse's instructions?
A. "My mother and grandmother had breast cancer, so I am at risk."
B. "I get a mammography every 2 years since I turned 30."
C. "A clinical breast examination is performed every month since I turned
40."
D."A CT scan will be done every year after I turn 50." correct answersA. A
strong family history of breast cancer indicates a risk for breast cancer.
Annual screening may be indicated for a strong family history. The client may
perform a self-breast examination monthly; a clinical examination by a health
care provider is indicated annually. An annual mammography is performed
after age 40 or in younger clients with a strong family history.
The nurse manager in a long-term care facility is developing a plan for
primary and secondary prevention of colorectal cancer. Which tasks
associated with the screening plan will be delegated to nursing assistants
within the facility?
E. Testing of stool specimens for occult blood
F. Teaching about the importance of dietary fiber
G. Referring clients for colonoscopy procedures
H.Giving vitamin and mineral supplements correct answersA. Testing
of stool specimens for occult blood is done according to a standardized
protocol and can be delegated to nursing assistants.
The nurse includes which of the following in teaching regarding the
warning signs of cancer? Select all that apply.
I. Persistent constipation
J. Scab present for 6 months
K. Curdlike vaginal discharge
L. Axillary swelling
M.Headache correct answersA,B,D: Change in bowel habit, A sore that
does not heal, A lump or thickening in the breast or elsewhere is a warning
signal of cancer.
Which of these does the nurse recognize as the goal of palliative surgery
for the client with cancer?
N. Cure of the cancer
O. Relief of symptoms or improved quality of life
P. Allowing other therapies to be more effective
Q.Prolonging the client's survival time correct answersB. The focus of
palliative surgery is to improve quality of life during the survival time.
Which signs or symptoms should the nurse report immediately because
they indicate thrombocytopenia secondary to cancer chemotherapy?
Select all that apply.
, A. Bruises
B. Fever
C. Petechiae
D. Epistaxis
E.Pallor correct answersA,C,D: Fever is a sign of infection
secondary to neutropenia.Pallor is a sign of anemia.
Which intervention will be most helpful for the client with
mucositis?
F. Administering a biological response modifier
G. Encouraging oral care with commercial mouthwash
H. Providing oral care with a disposable mouth swab
I.Maintaining NPO until the lesions have resolved correct answersC. Mouth
swabs are soft and disposable and therefore clean. Commercial
mouthwashes should be avoided because they may contain alcohol or other
drying agents that may further irritate the mucosa.
When caring for a client who has had a colostomy created as part of a
regimen to treat colon cancer, which activities would help to support the
client in accepting changes in appearance or function? Select all that apply.
J. Explain to the client that the colostomy is only temporary.
K. Encourage the client to participate in changing the ostomy.
L. Obtain a psychiatric consultation.
M. Offer to have a person who is coping with a colostomy visit.
N.Encourage the client and family members to express their feelings
and concerns correct answersB,D,E
The nurse has received in report that the client receiving chemotherapy
has severe neutropenia. Which of the following does the nurse plan to
implement? Select all that apply.
O. Assess for fever.
P. Observe for bleeding.
Q. Administer pegfilgrastim (Neulasta).
R. Do not permit fresh flowers or plants in the room.
S. Do not allow his 16-year-old son to visit.
T.Teach the client to omit raw fruits and vegetables from his diet. correct
answersA,C,D,F: Any temperature elevation in a client with neutropenia is
considered a sign of infection and should be reported immediately.
Administration of biological response modifiers, such as filgrastim
(Neupogen) and pegfilgrastim (Neulasta), is indicated in neutropenia to
prevent infection and sepsis.
All fruits and vegetables should be cooked well; raw fruits and vegetables
may harbor organisms, as well as Flowers and plants. Thrombocytopenia
cause bleeding, not low neutrophils.The client is at risk for infection, not
the visitors, if they are well. However, very small children, who may get
frequent colds and viral infections, may pose a risk.
