AC-HPAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECTLY
SOLVED ANSWERS.
1) Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: -- Answer ✔✔
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Proteins
2) Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: -- Answer ✔✔ Anaerobic Respiration
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3) Phagocytosis is a form of: -- Answer ✔✔ Endocytosis
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4) What is a pyruvate? -- Answer ✔✔ Pyruvate is an important chemical compound
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5) What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
according to genetic instructions? -- Answer ✔✔ Ribosomes
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
6) What is the structural and functional unit of life? -- Answer ✔✔ The cell
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7) What is a prokaryotic cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that lacks a true nucleus and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
membrane-bound organelles _
8) What is a eukaryotic cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that contains a nucleus and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
membrane-bound organelles _
9) What is cellular respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ A catabolic pathway for the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
less efficient.
_
,10) What is anaerobic respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ A form of cellular respiration that
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
does not involve oxygen.
_ _ _
11) What is aerobic respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ Form of cellular respiration which
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
requires oxygen to generate energy.
_ _ _ _
12) Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
cell membrane: -- Answer ✔✔ Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Transport.
13) Prokaryotes often reproduce by: -- Answer ✔✔ Binary Fission
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14) What is binary fission? -- Answer ✔✔ A form of asexual reproduction in which
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
the parent divides into two identical halves.
_ _ _ _ _ _
15) What is cytokinesis? -- Answer ✔✔ The division of cytoplasm into two identical
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
16) What is a haploid cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that contains one set of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
chromosomes
17) What is a diploid cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that contains two sets of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
chromosomes
18) What is chromatin? -- Answer ✔✔ The substance of which eukaryotic
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19) What is a centriole? -- Answer ✔✔ a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
cell division.
_
20) What is a chromosome? -- Answer ✔✔ A structure carrying genes is a linear
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
, 21) What is DNA? -- Answer ✔✔ A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
It makes up the genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
determining heredity. _
22) What is RNA? -- Answer ✔✔ A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
DNA to specialized sites within the cell where the information is translated into
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
protein composition. _
23) What is a nucleotide? -- Answer ✔✔ A nucleotide is the basic building block of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
24) What is transcription? -- Answer ✔✔ Transcription is the process by which the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(mRNA). ... This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
25) What is translation? -- Answer ✔✔ Translation is the process by which a protein
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
for the synthesis of proteins
_ _ _ _
26) What is endocytosis and exocytosis? -- Answer ✔✔ Endocytosis is the process of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
outside of the cell _ _ _
27) What is a chromatid? -- Answer ✔✔ each of the two threadlike strands into
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
double helix of DNA. _ _ _
SOLVED ANSWERS.
1) Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: -- Answer ✔✔
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Proteins
2) Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: -- Answer ✔✔ Anaerobic Respiration
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3) Phagocytosis is a form of: -- Answer ✔✔ Endocytosis
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4) What is a pyruvate? -- Answer ✔✔ Pyruvate is an important chemical compound
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5) What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
according to genetic instructions? -- Answer ✔✔ Ribosomes
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
6) What is the structural and functional unit of life? -- Answer ✔✔ The cell
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7) What is a prokaryotic cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that lacks a true nucleus and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
membrane-bound organelles _
8) What is a eukaryotic cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that contains a nucleus and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
membrane-bound organelles _
9) What is cellular respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ A catabolic pathway for the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
less efficient.
_
,10) What is anaerobic respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ A form of cellular respiration that
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
does not involve oxygen.
_ _ _
11) What is aerobic respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ Form of cellular respiration which
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
requires oxygen to generate energy.
_ _ _ _
12) Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
cell membrane: -- Answer ✔✔ Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Transport.
13) Prokaryotes often reproduce by: -- Answer ✔✔ Binary Fission
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14) What is binary fission? -- Answer ✔✔ A form of asexual reproduction in which
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
the parent divides into two identical halves.
_ _ _ _ _ _
15) What is cytokinesis? -- Answer ✔✔ The division of cytoplasm into two identical
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
16) What is a haploid cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that contains one set of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
chromosomes
17) What is a diploid cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that contains two sets of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
chromosomes
18) What is chromatin? -- Answer ✔✔ The substance of which eukaryotic
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19) What is a centriole? -- Answer ✔✔ a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
cell division.
_
20) What is a chromosome? -- Answer ✔✔ A structure carrying genes is a linear
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
, 21) What is DNA? -- Answer ✔✔ A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
It makes up the genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
determining heredity. _
22) What is RNA? -- Answer ✔✔ A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
DNA to specialized sites within the cell where the information is translated into
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
protein composition. _
23) What is a nucleotide? -- Answer ✔✔ A nucleotide is the basic building block of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
24) What is transcription? -- Answer ✔✔ Transcription is the process by which the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(mRNA). ... This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
25) What is translation? -- Answer ✔✔ Translation is the process by which a protein
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
for the synthesis of proteins
_ _ _ _
26) What is endocytosis and exocytosis? -- Answer ✔✔ Endocytosis is the process of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
outside of the cell _ _ _
27) What is a chromatid? -- Answer ✔✔ each of the two threadlike strands into
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
double helix of DNA. _ _ _
