Calt exam.Topic Phonics Freshly 2025,(Discussions and Resolutions)|A REVIEWED

Alphabetic language - answer-English; meaning symbols and letters reflect pronunciation of a sound; ESL students' first lang may not be alphabetic because they use symbols; phonological knowledge must be taught, so alphabet needs to be taught Alphabetic Principle - answer-an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words. Analytic Phonics - answer-In this approach, instruction begins with the identification of a familiar word. The teacher then introduces a particular sound/spelling relationship within that familiar word Synthetic Phonics - answer-In this systematic and explicit approach, students learn to transform letters and letter combinations into sounds and then the sounds together to form recognizable words. Teach individual parts and build to whole auditory discrimination - answer-The ability to hear differences in sounds auditory span - answer-the number of words, numbers, or sounds a student can hold in his working memory. Can limit dictation or note taking. blend - answer-two or more sounds that are frequently grouped together- each sound can be separated into its individual components cedilla - answer-a diacritical mark (,) placed below the letter c to indicate that it is pronounced as an s circumflex - answer-the code marked placed over vowels to indicate an unusual pronunciation compensatory approach - answer-one does not attempt to remediate the problem but instead recommends modifications within the learning environment which allows the student to be successful Cloze Procedure - answer-The use of semantic and syntactic clues to aid in completing sentences."Fill in the blank" Coding - answer-putting code marks on words- encourages kinesthetic involvement and discourages guessing combination - answer-a pattern of letters which occurs frequently together. They form an unexpected sound (vr's, qu, wh) comorbid - answer-two or more disorders in the same individual consonant - answer-sounds that are blocked or partially blocked by the tongue teeth and lips Decoding - answer-using the sound/symbol system and structural analysis to unlock unfamiliar words (synthetic) derivative - answer-adding a prefix or a suffix to a base word diacritical markings - answer-a mark indicating pronunciation dieresis - answer-two dots over an a (a) diphthong - answer-The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a single syllable or running together the sounds. (ow, oi) discovery method - answer-Presentation of new material which can be deduced or discovered by the students (Socratic Method) Dolch List - answer-high frequency word list which may be regular or irregular crossed, mixed dominance - answer-the student who is NOT right handed, right eyed, and right footed or left handed, left eyed, left footed Dyscalculia - answer-unusual difficulty with math, probably originating from a distinct part of the brain Encoding - answer-to spell (analytic) etymology - answer-the study of word origins Fernald - answer-developed a kinesthetic system for teaching the deaf by tracing words. Orton used her work as his kinesthetic model and was influenced by her work. Grapheme - answer-Letter or group of letters used to spell a phoneme. A written representation of a sound using one or more letters. irregular words - answer-Words that contain letters that stray from the most common sound pronunciation; words that do not follow common phonic patterns (e.g., were, was, laugh, been). linguistics - answer-study of the production, properties, structure, meaning and use of language. "Multisensory letter introduction" Mathew Effect - answer-the widening gap over time between strong and weak readers- rich get richer, poor get poorer metalinguistic awareness - answer-the ability to reflect on the use of language; meta: thinking about. This includes phonological awareness, decoding, encoding mnuemonics - answer-a device used to assist memory Modality - answer-the sense a person is using (auditory, visual, kinesthetic) Morpheme - answer-in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a single phoneme, single syllable, or multisyllabic. A word may have more than one morpheme (sleepiness) morphology - answer-the study of the structure of words (prefixes, suffixes, root words) orthography - answer-the conventional spelling system of a language; the study of spelling and how letters combine to represent sounds and form words (only domain at written level) phoneme - answer-in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit Phonemic Awareness - answer-The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language. phonological awareness - answer-an umbrella term that includes the ability to hear rhyme, to count syllables, and blend/unblend sounds Phonetics - answer-the study of the sounds of a language- 44 speech sounds Phonics - answer-the instructional method that teaches the use of writen symbols to represent the speech sounds for reading and spelling phonogram - answer-synonym for grapheme Phonology - answer-study of speech sounds, the rules and patterns of speech sound combinations and production- larger umbrella term than phonics- unconscious set of rules and patterns that automatically occur in spoken language- a in sank sounds different than in cat print awareness - answer-word boundaries, left to right, top to bottom- CHALLS stage 1 psycholinguistic guessing game - answer-kenneth goodman and frank smith- language is irregular, teaching phonics amounts to no more than guessing Quadrigraph - answer-four letters that come together to make one sound Schwa - answer-a pronunciation symbol with the sound of "uh" as in about; often the vowel sound in an unstressed syllable