Misc Healthcare Topics
Ns: Psychoses And Related Disorders
Compiled By Masterpiecesolutions
Edition: 2025/26
, Medical & Nursing | Misc Healthcare Topics I of IV pages
1. Antipsychotic drugs can treat what aspects of Schizophrenia?
They can relieve positive psychotic symptoms such as thought disorder, hallucinations and delusions, and
They are usually less effective on negative symptoms such as apathy and social withdrawal.
2. The first-generation antipsychotic drugs act predominatly via what mechanism?
By blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain.
1st gen antipsychotic drugs are not selective for any of the four dopamine pathways in the brain and so can
3. Why do 1st generation antipychotic drugs cause a range of side-effects?
1st gen antipsychotic drugs are not selective for any of the four dopamine pathways in the brain and so can
4. What are the different groups of 1st generation antipychotic drugs?
Phenothiazine derivatives
Butyrophenones
Thioxanthenes
Diphenylbutylpiperidines
Substituted benzamides
5. The 1st generation antipsychotics the phenothiazine derivatives can be divide into 3 main groups nbased on
Group 1: chlorpromazine, levomepromazine and promazine are generally characterised by pronounced
Group 2: pericyazine, generally characterised by moderate sedative effects, but fewer extrapyramidal
Group 3: fluphenazine decanoate, perphenazine, prochlorperazine and trifluoperazine, generally characterised
fewer sedative and antimuscarinic effects, but more pronounced extrapyramidal side-effects than groups 1 and
6. What are the group 2 phenothiazine derivative generation 1 antipsychotics?
Group 1: chlorpromazine, levomepromazine and promazine are generally characterised by pronounced
Group 2: pericyazine, generally characterised by moderate sedative effects, but fewer extrapyramidal
Group 3: fluphenazine decanoate, perphenazine, prochlorperazine and trifluoperazine, generally characterised
fewer sedative and antimuscarinic effects, but more pronounced extrapyramidal side-effects than groups 1 and
7. What recommendations are there regardinf the use of antipsychotics in the elderly? (3)
Antipsychotic drugs should not be used in elderly patients to treat mild to moderate psychotic symptoms.
Initial doses of antipsychotic drugs in elderly patients should be reduced (to half the adult dose or less), taking
Treatment should be reviewed regularly.
8. Extrapyramidal symptoms occur most frequently with what antipsychotics?
1st generation.
9. What are extrapyramidal symptoms? (4)
Parkinsoniam symptoms (including tremor).
Dystonia and dyskinesia (abnormal face and body movements).
Akathisia (restlessness)
Tardive dyskinesia (rhythmic, involuntary movements of tongue, face and jaw)
10. Why is tardive dyskinesia the most serious manifestation of extrapyramidal symptoms?
It may be irreversible on withdrawing therapy and treatment is usually ineffective.
In children, tardive dyskinesia is more likely to occur when the antipsychotic drug is withdrawn.
Misc Healthcare Topics 2025/26 Edition
Ns: Psychoses And Related Disorders
Compiled By Masterpiecesolutions
Edition: 2025/26
, Medical & Nursing | Misc Healthcare Topics I of IV pages
1. Antipsychotic drugs can treat what aspects of Schizophrenia?
They can relieve positive psychotic symptoms such as thought disorder, hallucinations and delusions, and
They are usually less effective on negative symptoms such as apathy and social withdrawal.
2. The first-generation antipsychotic drugs act predominatly via what mechanism?
By blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain.
1st gen antipsychotic drugs are not selective for any of the four dopamine pathways in the brain and so can
3. Why do 1st generation antipychotic drugs cause a range of side-effects?
1st gen antipsychotic drugs are not selective for any of the four dopamine pathways in the brain and so can
4. What are the different groups of 1st generation antipychotic drugs?
Phenothiazine derivatives
Butyrophenones
Thioxanthenes
Diphenylbutylpiperidines
Substituted benzamides
5. The 1st generation antipsychotics the phenothiazine derivatives can be divide into 3 main groups nbased on
Group 1: chlorpromazine, levomepromazine and promazine are generally characterised by pronounced
Group 2: pericyazine, generally characterised by moderate sedative effects, but fewer extrapyramidal
Group 3: fluphenazine decanoate, perphenazine, prochlorperazine and trifluoperazine, generally characterised
fewer sedative and antimuscarinic effects, but more pronounced extrapyramidal side-effects than groups 1 and
6. What are the group 2 phenothiazine derivative generation 1 antipsychotics?
Group 1: chlorpromazine, levomepromazine and promazine are generally characterised by pronounced
Group 2: pericyazine, generally characterised by moderate sedative effects, but fewer extrapyramidal
Group 3: fluphenazine decanoate, perphenazine, prochlorperazine and trifluoperazine, generally characterised
fewer sedative and antimuscarinic effects, but more pronounced extrapyramidal side-effects than groups 1 and
7. What recommendations are there regardinf the use of antipsychotics in the elderly? (3)
Antipsychotic drugs should not be used in elderly patients to treat mild to moderate psychotic symptoms.
Initial doses of antipsychotic drugs in elderly patients should be reduced (to half the adult dose or less), taking
Treatment should be reviewed regularly.
8. Extrapyramidal symptoms occur most frequently with what antipsychotics?
1st generation.
9. What are extrapyramidal symptoms? (4)
Parkinsoniam symptoms (including tremor).
Dystonia and dyskinesia (abnormal face and body movements).
Akathisia (restlessness)
Tardive dyskinesia (rhythmic, involuntary movements of tongue, face and jaw)
10. Why is tardive dyskinesia the most serious manifestation of extrapyramidal symptoms?
It may be irreversible on withdrawing therapy and treatment is usually ineffective.
In children, tardive dyskinesia is more likely to occur when the antipsychotic drug is withdrawn.
Misc Healthcare Topics 2025/26 Edition
