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Chapter 1: Foundations in Maternal-Newborn and Women’s Health
Nursing
Review Questions
1. What is one purpose of the Healthy People 2030 objectives?
a. Stop world hunger.
b. Prevent conflict and war in other countries.
c. Address issues in health care to solve cancer.
d. Recommend changes to increase health promotion and disease prevention.
[Answer: D]
2. The nurse is caring for a pregnant person who is living in a poor area of town with a history
of childhood abuse, opioid use disorder, and asthma. What can the nurse do to decrease
the risk of maternal mortality?
a. Connect the patient to a counselor.
b. Educate the patient on the risk factors for maternal mortality.
c. Give prn albuterol for asthma.
d. Discuss how they need to move out of the poor area of town.
[Answer: B]
3. The nurse is doing a review of systems on a person in the clinic. The nurse asks if the patient
has any problems with sexual dysfunction. Why is it important for the nurse to ask all
people this question?
a. Some people may not bring up the topic of sex due to taboos and stigma.
b. All patients will eventually have sexual problems.
c. Nurses should ask because other health-care providers are not trained to ask those
questions.
d. Sexual dysfunction is a taboo only for people AFAB.
[Answer: A]
4. The nurse is answering the phone in the OB-GYN clinic. The person asks, “I am a lesbian. Can
an OB-GYN provider care for me?” What is the nurse’s best response?
a. “All LGBTQIA+ people are welcome and can be treated by an OB-GYN provider.”
b. “We can see you if you will be the person in the relationship that will get pregnant.”
c. “We suggest you see a provider that specializes in LGBTQIA people.”
d. “Our OB-GYN provider can give you gynecologic care but not pregnancy care.”
[Answer: A]
5. The nurse is caring for a person AFAB who is 15 years old. Why would a gynecologic
provider see a person at this age?
a. The person’s partner desires permanent sterilization.
b. Their family told the person they had to get a Pap smear.
c. The person was late starting care because the first visit should be before the age of 13.
d. The person may want to discuss their menstrual cycle and hormonal changes.
[Answer: D]
6. What is the best description of the history of gynecologic care in the United States over the
past century?
a. Reproductive health care has been under control of people AFAB since the 1900s.
3
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b. The health-care system has always been fair to people AFAB with regard to shared
decision making.
c. Activist groups are fighting sexism in health care.
d. Researchers had to stop including people AFAB in pharmacologic research trials.
[Answer: C]
7. What occurred after childbirth migrated from the home to the hospital?
a. Infection rates dropped in the hospital.
b. Laboring people were given greater support in labor.
c. The childbirth model became a medical model.
d. Pain relief allowed laboring people to spend more time with their partners in labor.
[Answer: C]
8. A nurse is working in a Level 4 hospital. What type of patient would the nurse expect to
see?
a. a first-time pregnant person with good fetal movement
b. a pregnant person who needs neurosurgery
c. a postpartum person with asthma
d. a pregnant person who plans to birth in a birth center
[Answer: B]
9. A community health nurse recognizes an increase in maternal mortality in the
neighborhood. What could the community health nurse do?
a. Conduct weekly prenatal appointments in their home.
b. Draw blood on all pregnant people to look for anemia.
c. Assess the health of a baby using an ultrasound.
d. Develop an educational pamphlet discussing signs of preeclampsia.
[Answer: D]
10. The nurse is describing the difference between community-based nursing and community
health nursing. What response best describes the difference?
a. A community-based nurse would provide care in a mobile unit in the neighborhood.
b. A community-based nurse only provides education.
c. A community health nurse performs cardiac assessments.
d. A community health nurse only provides hands-on care.
[Answer: A]
11. What is the purpose of the standards of care for nurses?
a. to guide hospital administration to promote nurses
b. to ensure nurses are assessing patients
c. to protect the public’s safety
d. to protect the health-care providers
[Answer: C]
12. What statement best describes risk management?
a. identifying risk factors by analyzing processes and procedures
b. creating disciplinary actions for nursing errors
c. identifying health-care providers who are derogatory to patients
4
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OpenStax Maternal-Newborn Nursing Instructor Answer Guide
d. implementing programs to keep errors secret
[Answer: A]
13. The nurse makes an error of omission. What is an example of an error of omission?
a. placing the fetal monitor incorrectly
b. not recording input/output amounts
c. not covering the computer screen when documenting
d. removing an IV
[Answer: B]
14. The nurse is discussing legal issues surrounding OB nursing. What statement might that
nurse make?
a. “Legal issues are the concern of the OB.”
b. “I’m glad that people understand that all childbirth carries risk.”
c. “Medical malpractice insurance is cheap.”
d. “OB nurses are held to a standard of care and can be sued if proper care is not
provided.”
[Answer: D]
15. What is a good example of informed consent?
a. The nurse hands the patient the stack of consents and asks them to sign them.
b. The nurse tells the patient not to worry about reading the consents.
c. The nurse alerts the OB that the patient has questions about the cesarean consent.
d. The nurse explains that it is not their job to answer questions.
[Answer: C]
16. What statement by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of an ethical maternal-
newborn dilemma?
a. “Female genital mutilation/cutting is a violation of human rights in the United States,
but I can understand it is part of their culture.”
b. “I can’t understand why the patient got mad when I checked her cervix. I just forgot to
ask first.”
c. “Surrogacy should not happen because the surrogate is just in it for the money.”
d. “Every country should have abortion rights.”
[Answer: A]
17. What is an example of maternal-fetal conflict?
a. The pregnant person agrees to treatment no matter what happens to them.
b. The pregnant person has cancer but cannot start treatment until the fetus is delivered.
c. The fetus is in distress, and the pregnant person agrees to a cesarean birth.
d. The parents of a fetus agree to a labor induction.
[Answer: B]
Check Your Understanding Questions
1. How can nurses use the Healthy People 2030 objectives to advance the health of their
patients?
[Answer: Answers may vary but should include that the nurse uses these objectives to help
educate people regarding health promotion and disease prevention. Patient education based
5
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on these objectives can help prevent cervical cancer, heart disease, and adolescent pregnancies,
and can elevate the health and wellness of people assigned female at birth.]
2. List four ways people AFAB can advocate for themselves for their cardiac health.
[Answer: Answers will vary but should include the following: Pay attention to what their body is
telling them; make sure their health-care provider listens to them; ask questions about
treatment; gather support from friends, families, and health groups.]
3. Name three core concepts of women’s health nursing.
[Answer: Answers may vary but should include any three from this list.
• recognizing the diversity of women’s health needs
• emphasizing empowerment through informed participation in one’s health care
• acknowledging the importance of research in gender differences in disease and
response to drugs
• recognizing the need for a multidisciplinary team approach
• striving for symmetry in provider-patient relationships
• providing access to information
• engaging in shared decision making
• striving for change]
4. Discuss the benefits of regionalization of prenatal care.
[Answer: Answers should include some of the following: decreased neonatal complications,
increased survival, reduced maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality]
5. Explain how surrogacy can be an ethical dilemma.
[Answer: Answers will vary but should include some of the following:
Surrogacy has some people questioning the ethics of “selling their reproductive abilities,” while
other people support this option. Some countries do not allow surrogacy, and in the United
States, states are responsible for laws surrounding surrogacy. The price of surrogacy in the
United States is approximately $100,000 and includes the health-care fees, legal fees, and
sometimes travel fees. Most insurance companies do not cover these fees, bringing up the
ethical issue of only people with a great deal of money being able to utilize surrogacy.]
6. List the three reasons the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggests that health-care
providers should question a maternal decision.
[Answer: Answers should include:
1. The fetus is susceptible to irrevocable harm if treatment is not administered.
2. The treatment is indicated properly and is likely to work.
3. There is minimal risk to the pregnant person.]
Reflection Questions
1. Explain why addressing taboos in women’s health is so crucial.
[Answer: Answers will vary but should include the following: People AFAB may be afraid and
not seek help when necessary. In response to this problem, many organizations and groups are
advocating for policy changes and improved public education. For example, the Kenyan Policy
on Menstrual Hygiene Management attempts to debunk taboos and stigmas by providing
6
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Chapter 1: Foundations in Maternal-Newborn and Women’s Health
Nursing
Review Questions
1. What is one purpose of the Healthy People 2030 objectives?
a. Stop world hunger.
b. Prevent conflict and war in other countries.
c. Address issues in health care to solve cancer.
d. Recommend changes to increase health promotion and disease prevention.
[Answer: D]
2. The nurse is caring for a pregnant person who is living in a poor area of town with a history
of childhood abuse, opioid use disorder, and asthma. What can the nurse do to decrease
the risk of maternal mortality?
a. Connect the patient to a counselor.
b. Educate the patient on the risk factors for maternal mortality.
c. Give prn albuterol for asthma.
d. Discuss how they need to move out of the poor area of town.
[Answer: B]
3. The nurse is doing a review of systems on a person in the clinic. The nurse asks if the patient
has any problems with sexual dysfunction. Why is it important for the nurse to ask all
people this question?
a. Some people may not bring up the topic of sex due to taboos and stigma.
b. All patients will eventually have sexual problems.
c. Nurses should ask because other health-care providers are not trained to ask those
questions.
d. Sexual dysfunction is a taboo only for people AFAB.
[Answer: A]
4. The nurse is answering the phone in the OB-GYN clinic. The person asks, “I am a lesbian. Can
an OB-GYN provider care for me?” What is the nurse’s best response?
a. “All LGBTQIA+ people are welcome and can be treated by an OB-GYN provider.”
b. “We can see you if you will be the person in the relationship that will get pregnant.”
c. “We suggest you see a provider that specializes in LGBTQIA people.”
d. “Our OB-GYN provider can give you gynecologic care but not pregnancy care.”
[Answer: A]
5. The nurse is caring for a person AFAB who is 15 years old. Why would a gynecologic
provider see a person at this age?
a. The person’s partner desires permanent sterilization.
b. Their family told the person they had to get a Pap smear.
c. The person was late starting care because the first visit should be before the age of 13.
d. The person may want to discuss their menstrual cycle and hormonal changes.
[Answer: D]
6. What is the best description of the history of gynecologic care in the United States over the
past century?
a. Reproductive health care has been under control of people AFAB since the 1900s.
3
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b. The health-care system has always been fair to people AFAB with regard to shared
decision making.
c. Activist groups are fighting sexism in health care.
d. Researchers had to stop including people AFAB in pharmacologic research trials.
[Answer: C]
7. What occurred after childbirth migrated from the home to the hospital?
a. Infection rates dropped in the hospital.
b. Laboring people were given greater support in labor.
c. The childbirth model became a medical model.
d. Pain relief allowed laboring people to spend more time with their partners in labor.
[Answer: C]
8. A nurse is working in a Level 4 hospital. What type of patient would the nurse expect to
see?
a. a first-time pregnant person with good fetal movement
b. a pregnant person who needs neurosurgery
c. a postpartum person with asthma
d. a pregnant person who plans to birth in a birth center
[Answer: B]
9. A community health nurse recognizes an increase in maternal mortality in the
neighborhood. What could the community health nurse do?
a. Conduct weekly prenatal appointments in their home.
b. Draw blood on all pregnant people to look for anemia.
c. Assess the health of a baby using an ultrasound.
d. Develop an educational pamphlet discussing signs of preeclampsia.
[Answer: D]
10. The nurse is describing the difference between community-based nursing and community
health nursing. What response best describes the difference?
a. A community-based nurse would provide care in a mobile unit in the neighborhood.
b. A community-based nurse only provides education.
c. A community health nurse performs cardiac assessments.
d. A community health nurse only provides hands-on care.
[Answer: A]
11. What is the purpose of the standards of care for nurses?
a. to guide hospital administration to promote nurses
b. to ensure nurses are assessing patients
c. to protect the public’s safety
d. to protect the health-care providers
[Answer: C]
12. What statement best describes risk management?
a. identifying risk factors by analyzing processes and procedures
b. creating disciplinary actions for nursing errors
c. identifying health-care providers who are derogatory to patients
4
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
4/8/2026
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d. implementing programs to keep errors secret
[Answer: A]
13. The nurse makes an error of omission. What is an example of an error of omission?
a. placing the fetal monitor incorrectly
b. not recording input/output amounts
c. not covering the computer screen when documenting
d. removing an IV
[Answer: B]
14. The nurse is discussing legal issues surrounding OB nursing. What statement might that
nurse make?
a. “Legal issues are the concern of the OB.”
b. “I’m glad that people understand that all childbirth carries risk.”
c. “Medical malpractice insurance is cheap.”
d. “OB nurses are held to a standard of care and can be sued if proper care is not
provided.”
[Answer: D]
15. What is a good example of informed consent?
a. The nurse hands the patient the stack of consents and asks them to sign them.
b. The nurse tells the patient not to worry about reading the consents.
c. The nurse alerts the OB that the patient has questions about the cesarean consent.
d. The nurse explains that it is not their job to answer questions.
[Answer: C]
16. What statement by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of an ethical maternal-
newborn dilemma?
a. “Female genital mutilation/cutting is a violation of human rights in the United States,
but I can understand it is part of their culture.”
b. “I can’t understand why the patient got mad when I checked her cervix. I just forgot to
ask first.”
c. “Surrogacy should not happen because the surrogate is just in it for the money.”
d. “Every country should have abortion rights.”
[Answer: A]
17. What is an example of maternal-fetal conflict?
a. The pregnant person agrees to treatment no matter what happens to them.
b. The pregnant person has cancer but cannot start treatment until the fetus is delivered.
c. The fetus is in distress, and the pregnant person agrees to a cesarean birth.
d. The parents of a fetus agree to a labor induction.
[Answer: B]
Check Your Understanding Questions
1. How can nurses use the Healthy People 2030 objectives to advance the health of their
patients?
[Answer: Answers may vary but should include that the nurse uses these objectives to help
educate people regarding health promotion and disease prevention. Patient education based
5
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on these objectives can help prevent cervical cancer, heart disease, and adolescent pregnancies,
and can elevate the health and wellness of people assigned female at birth.]
2. List four ways people AFAB can advocate for themselves for their cardiac health.
[Answer: Answers will vary but should include the following: Pay attention to what their body is
telling them; make sure their health-care provider listens to them; ask questions about
treatment; gather support from friends, families, and health groups.]
3. Name three core concepts of women’s health nursing.
[Answer: Answers may vary but should include any three from this list.
• recognizing the diversity of women’s health needs
• emphasizing empowerment through informed participation in one’s health care
• acknowledging the importance of research in gender differences in disease and
response to drugs
• recognizing the need for a multidisciplinary team approach
• striving for symmetry in provider-patient relationships
• providing access to information
• engaging in shared decision making
• striving for change]
4. Discuss the benefits of regionalization of prenatal care.
[Answer: Answers should include some of the following: decreased neonatal complications,
increased survival, reduced maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality]
5. Explain how surrogacy can be an ethical dilemma.
[Answer: Answers will vary but should include some of the following:
Surrogacy has some people questioning the ethics of “selling their reproductive abilities,” while
other people support this option. Some countries do not allow surrogacy, and in the United
States, states are responsible for laws surrounding surrogacy. The price of surrogacy in the
United States is approximately $100,000 and includes the health-care fees, legal fees, and
sometimes travel fees. Most insurance companies do not cover these fees, bringing up the
ethical issue of only people with a great deal of money being able to utilize surrogacy.]
6. List the three reasons the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggests that health-care
providers should question a maternal decision.
[Answer: Answers should include:
1. The fetus is susceptible to irrevocable harm if treatment is not administered.
2. The treatment is indicated properly and is likely to work.
3. There is minimal risk to the pregnant person.]
Reflection Questions
1. Explain why addressing taboos in women’s health is so crucial.
[Answer: Answers will vary but should include the following: People AFAB may be afraid and
not seek help when necessary. In response to this problem, many organizations and groups are
advocating for policy changes and improved public education. For example, the Kenyan Policy
on Menstrual Hygiene Management attempts to debunk taboos and stigmas by providing
6
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
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