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,WGU Pathophysiology D236 Actual Exam
Which Of The Following Is Not An Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)?
A. Rhinitis
B. Laryngitis
C. Pneumonia
D. Tracheitis
E. Sinusitis
Answer: C.
• Pneumonia Is A Lower Respiratory Infection, Whereas The Other Options
(Rhinitis, Laryngitis, Tracheitis, And Sinusitis) Are All Classified As Upper
Respiratory Infections. Pneumonia Affects The Lungs And Is Often More Severe,
Whereas Uris Involve The Nose, Throat, Or Sinuses.
Overdistention Of Alveoli Resulting In The Inability To Remove CO2 Is Called?
A. Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pulmonary Embolism
Answer: B.
• Emphysema Is A Condition Where The Alveoli (Tiny Air Sacs In The Lungs)
Become Overdistended And Lose Their Elasticity. This Makes It Difficult To
Expel CO2, Leading To Difficulty Breathing. It Is Often Caused By Smoking Or
Long-Term Exposure To Pollutants.
The Space Between The Lung And Membrane Is Called?
,A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Larynx
D. Pleural Cavity
Answer: D.
• The Pleural Cavity Is The Thin Fluid-Filled Space Between The Two Layers Of
The Pleura, Which Are Membranes Surrounding The Lungs. It Allows The Lungs
To Expand And Contract Smoothly During Breathing.
Pleural Effusion Caused By Increased Hydrostatic Pressure Is Called What?
A. Exudative
B. Pneumonic
C. Transudative
D. Oxidative
Answer: C.
• A Transudative Pleural Effusion Occurs When Increased Hydrostatic Pressure,
Typically From Conditions Like Heart Failure, Causes Fluid To Leak Into The
Pleural Space. Exudative Effusions, On The Other Hand, Are Due To
Inflammation And Involve Higher Protein Content.
An Imbalance Of Secretions Can Lead To GI Issues. Which Of These Blocks The
Function Of Parietal Cells?
A. Gastrin
B. Endoscopy
C. Histamine
D. Ppis (Proton Pump Inhibitors)
Answer: C.
, • Histamine Stimulates Parietal Cells In The Stomach To Produce Hydrochloric
Acid. Blockers Like H2 Antagonists (Such As Ranitidine) Or Proton Pump
Inhibitors (Ppis) Can Block Histamine's Effects, Reducing Stomach Acid
Production And Helping Manage Conditions Like Acid Reflux.
This Disease Is Caused By Pathological Changes In The Wall Of The Colon And
Predisposes To Colon Cancer.
A. Esophageal Varices
B. Dyspepsia
C. Crohn's Disease
D. Ulcerative Colitis
Answer: D.
• Ulcerative Colitis Is An Inflammatory Bowel Disease That Affects The Colon,
Causing Ulcers And Inflammation. It Can Increase The Risk Of Colon Cancer
Over Time Due To The Chronic Inflammation. Crohn's Disease Also Affects The
Intestines But Has A Different Pattern Of Involvement.
What Is Starling's Law Of Capillary Forces?
Answer:
• Starling's Law Describes How Fluids Move Across The Capillary Membrane.
There Are Two Major Opposing Forces That Act To Balance Each Other,
Hydrostatic Pressure (Pushing Water Out Of The Capillaries) And Osmotic
Pressure (Including Oncontic Pressure, Which Pushes Fluid Into The Capillaries).
How Does This Explain Why A Nutritionally Deficient Child Would Have Edema?
Answer: