MCAT EXAM, THE IMMUNE SYSTEM WITH COMPLETE
AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
innate immunity -- Answer ✔✔ -composed of defenses that are always active but
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
unable to target specific invaders
_ _ _ _
-nonspecific immunity _
adaptive immunity -- Answer ✔✔ -specific immunity
_ _ _ _ _ _
-targets a specific pathogen
_ _ _
-slower to attack but retains memory of pathogens
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
bone marrow -- Answer ✔✔ -produces all leukocytes(white blood cells) that
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
participate in the immune system _ _ _ _
spleen -- Answer ✔✔ -location of blood storage and activation of B-cells, which turn
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
into plasma cells to produce antibodies for adaptive immunity
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
humoral immunity -- Answer ✔✔ the division of adaptive immunity in the blood rather
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
than cells
_
T-cells -- Answer ✔✔ -mature in thymus, small gland in front of the pericardium (sac
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
that protects the heart)
_ _ _
-T-cells coordinate the immune system and directly kill viral infected cells
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Lymph nodes -- Answer ✔✔ -provide a place for immune cells to communicate and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mount an attack _ _
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue -- Answer ✔✔ -immune tissue associated with the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
digestive system _
, -includes tonsils and adenoids, Peyer's Patches and lymphoid aggregates in the appendix
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Leukocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -produced in bone marrow through hematopoiesis
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes
_ _ _ _
granulocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -contain granules that contain toxic enzymes and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
chemicals
-released by exocytosis _ _
hematopoietic stem cells -- Answer ✔✔ gives rise to leukocytes, red blood cells and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
platelets
Agranulocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -includes lymphocytes and monocytes
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
lymphocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -responsible for antibody production and targeted killing of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_infected cells _
monocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -phagocytic cells in the membrane
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-become macrophages in tissues
_ _ _
defensins -- Answer ✔✔ antibacterial enzymes found on the skin
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
lysozyme -- Answer ✔✔ antibacterial enzyme found in tears and saliva
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Gastrointestinal defense -- Answer ✔✔ -stomach secretes acid to kill pathogens
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-large bacteria population in gut, when new bacteria enters, they need to compete
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
complement system -- Answer ✔✔ -a form of non-specific defense that consists of a
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
number of proteins in the blood
_ _ _ _ _
-activated through classical pathway (antibody binds to pathogen) or alternative
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
pathway, no antibodies
_ _
-the proteins punch holes in bacteria
_ _ _ _ _
interferons -- Answer ✔✔ -proteins that prevent viral replication and dispersion
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-cells that have been infected by viruses produce these
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
innate immunity -- Answer ✔✔ -composed of defenses that are always active but
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
unable to target specific invaders
_ _ _ _
-nonspecific immunity _
adaptive immunity -- Answer ✔✔ -specific immunity
_ _ _ _ _ _
-targets a specific pathogen
_ _ _
-slower to attack but retains memory of pathogens
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
bone marrow -- Answer ✔✔ -produces all leukocytes(white blood cells) that
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
participate in the immune system _ _ _ _
spleen -- Answer ✔✔ -location of blood storage and activation of B-cells, which turn
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
into plasma cells to produce antibodies for adaptive immunity
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
humoral immunity -- Answer ✔✔ the division of adaptive immunity in the blood rather
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
than cells
_
T-cells -- Answer ✔✔ -mature in thymus, small gland in front of the pericardium (sac
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
that protects the heart)
_ _ _
-T-cells coordinate the immune system and directly kill viral infected cells
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Lymph nodes -- Answer ✔✔ -provide a place for immune cells to communicate and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mount an attack _ _
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue -- Answer ✔✔ -immune tissue associated with the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
digestive system _
, -includes tonsils and adenoids, Peyer's Patches and lymphoid aggregates in the appendix
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Leukocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -produced in bone marrow through hematopoiesis
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes
_ _ _ _
granulocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -contain granules that contain toxic enzymes and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
chemicals
-released by exocytosis _ _
hematopoietic stem cells -- Answer ✔✔ gives rise to leukocytes, red blood cells and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
platelets
Agranulocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -includes lymphocytes and monocytes
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
lymphocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -responsible for antibody production and targeted killing of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_infected cells _
monocytes -- Answer ✔✔ -phagocytic cells in the membrane
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-become macrophages in tissues
_ _ _
defensins -- Answer ✔✔ antibacterial enzymes found on the skin
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
lysozyme -- Answer ✔✔ antibacterial enzyme found in tears and saliva
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Gastrointestinal defense -- Answer ✔✔ -stomach secretes acid to kill pathogens
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-large bacteria population in gut, when new bacteria enters, they need to compete
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
complement system -- Answer ✔✔ -a form of non-specific defense that consists of a
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
number of proteins in the blood
_ _ _ _ _
-activated through classical pathway (antibody binds to pathogen) or alternative
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
pathway, no antibodies
_ _
-the proteins punch holes in bacteria
_ _ _ _ _
interferons -- Answer ✔✔ -proteins that prevent viral replication and dispersion
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-cells that have been infected by viruses produce these
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
