MCAT 2024/2025 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH THE LATEST
AND UPDATED SCORE.
Phase Diagram -- Answer ✔✔ a graph showing the conditions at which a substance
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
exists as a solid, liquid, or vapor
_ _ _ _ _ _
a line separates the regions that correspond to the solid and liquid phases. For most
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
substances, since the solid phase is denser than the liquid, this line has a positive slope.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
This indicates that it is possible to convert the liquid substance into solid by increasing
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
pressure. Since the opposite is true for water, however, the line between these
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
regions has a negative - or downward-tilting - slope. This hallmark is one easy way to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
distinguish the phase diagram of water from that of most other compounds.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
social facilitation -- Answer ✔✔ stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
the presence of others
_ _ _
bystander effect -- Answer ✔✔ the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
to give aid if other bystanders are present
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
bystander effect factors -- Answer ✔✔ individuals do not intervene to help victims
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
when others are present
_ _ _
,-less likely to notice danger in crowds
_ _ _ _ _ _
-take cues from others _ _ _
-degree of responsibility is decreased _ _ _ _
-cohesiveness of group _ _
Deindividuation -- Answer ✔✔ when an individual seems to lose himself or herself in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
the group's identity
_ _
social loafing -- Answer ✔✔ the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
accountable
group polarization -- Answer ✔✔ the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
through discussion within the group. doesn't have to be irrational.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
normative social influence -- Answer ✔✔ behavior that is motivated by the desire to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
gain social acceptance and approval
_ _ _ _
informational social influence -- Answer ✔✔ influence resulting from one's willingness
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
to accept others' opinions about reality
_ _ _ _ _
Groupthink -- Answer ✔✔ the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. leads
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
to irrational decisions by a group.
_ _ _ _ _
characteristics of group think -- Answer ✔✔ invulnerability, rationalization, lack of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
introspection, stereotyping, pressure, lack of disagreement, self-deception, insularity _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Irving Janis and groupthink -- Answer ✔✔ members of a group are so driven to reach
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
unanimous decisions that they no longer truly evaluate the consequences of their
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
decisions
occurs when the groups making decision are isolated and homogeneous, there is a lack
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_of impartial leadership inside or outside the gorup, when there is a high level of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
pressure for a decision to be made _ _ _ _ _ _
,Conformity -- Answer ✔✔ when someone's behavior, beliefs, or thinking changes to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
line up with the perspective of others
_ _ _ _ _ _
compliance -- Answer ✔✔ when the person conforms but internally dissents
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Conversion -- Answer ✔✔ genuine change in someone's beliefs
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Asch Experiment -- Answer ✔✔ experimented how people would rather conform than
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
state their own individual answer even though they know the group's answer is
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
wrong, length of lines _ _ _
compliance (requests) -- Answer ✔✔ responses to requests from someone with no
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
power to enforce that request.
_ _ _ _
foot-in-the-door technique -- Answer ✔✔ asking for a small commitment and, after_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
gaining compliance, asking for a bigger commitment
_ _ _ _ _ _
door-in-the-face technique -- Answer ✔✔ asking for a large commitment and being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
refused and then asking for a smaller commitment
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
low-ball technique -- Answer ✔✔ persuasive technique in which the seller of a product
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_starts by quoting a low sales price and then mentions all of the add-on costs once the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
customer has agreed to purchase the product _ _ _ _ _ _
obidience -- Answer ✔✔ changing one's behavior at the command of an authority
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
figure
Milgram Experiment -- Answer ✔✔ an experiment devised in 1961 by Stanley Milgram,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a psychologist at Yale University, to see how far ordinary people would go to obey a
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
scientific authority figure with giving electric shocks
_ _ _ _ _ _
Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo) -- Answer ✔✔ classic "experiment" where
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
individuals were assigned to be guards / prisoners. w/in days they took on their roles
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
and went too far. Highly unethical
_ _ _ _ _
, social norms -- Answer ✔✔ rules, spoken or unspoken, that regulate behavior, beliefs,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
attitudes, and values of members of society _ _ _ _ _ _
social control -- Answer ✔✔ the way norms are taught, enforced, and perpetuated
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
deviance -- Answer ✔✔ when someone doesn't follow a norm
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
formal vs informal norms -- Answer ✔✔ Formal:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-generally written down, like *laws* _ _ _ _
-precisely defined, publicly presented and have strict penalties for violators
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
informal: generally understood but less precise and carry no specific punishment
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Folkways -- Answer ✔✔ insignificant informal norms that involve small details, violating
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
them does not cause too much of a problem, example: fashion, wearing socks with
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
sandals
mores -- Answer ✔✔ informal norms, which incur severe disapproval when violated.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ex: cheating on romantic partner
_ _ _ _
taboos -- Answer ✔✔ even more restrictive norms that generate extreme disapproval.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_Ex: cannabalism, incest. Driven by culture. Some are forbidden by law and some aren't.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Anomie -- Answer ✔✔ Refers to situation where there is a poor match between
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
society's stated norms and the norms that an individual responds to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
sanctions -- Answer ✔✔ punishment or negative consequences for violating a social
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
norm. Rewards for following social norm.
_ _ _ _ _
adding a solute to water will ----- bp and ----- mp, -- Answer ✔✔ increase; lower
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
differential association theory -- Answer ✔✔ theory that individuals learn deviance in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to, and deviance is learned
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
socially, draws from symbolic interactionism
_ _ _ _
AND UPDATED SCORE.
Phase Diagram -- Answer ✔✔ a graph showing the conditions at which a substance
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
exists as a solid, liquid, or vapor
_ _ _ _ _ _
a line separates the regions that correspond to the solid and liquid phases. For most
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
substances, since the solid phase is denser than the liquid, this line has a positive slope.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
This indicates that it is possible to convert the liquid substance into solid by increasing
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
pressure. Since the opposite is true for water, however, the line between these
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
regions has a negative - or downward-tilting - slope. This hallmark is one easy way to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
distinguish the phase diagram of water from that of most other compounds.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
social facilitation -- Answer ✔✔ stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
the presence of others
_ _ _
bystander effect -- Answer ✔✔ the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
to give aid if other bystanders are present
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
bystander effect factors -- Answer ✔✔ individuals do not intervene to help victims
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
when others are present
_ _ _
,-less likely to notice danger in crowds
_ _ _ _ _ _
-take cues from others _ _ _
-degree of responsibility is decreased _ _ _ _
-cohesiveness of group _ _
Deindividuation -- Answer ✔✔ when an individual seems to lose himself or herself in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
the group's identity
_ _
social loafing -- Answer ✔✔ the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
accountable
group polarization -- Answer ✔✔ the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
through discussion within the group. doesn't have to be irrational.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
normative social influence -- Answer ✔✔ behavior that is motivated by the desire to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
gain social acceptance and approval
_ _ _ _
informational social influence -- Answer ✔✔ influence resulting from one's willingness
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
to accept others' opinions about reality
_ _ _ _ _
Groupthink -- Answer ✔✔ the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. leads
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
to irrational decisions by a group.
_ _ _ _ _
characteristics of group think -- Answer ✔✔ invulnerability, rationalization, lack of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
introspection, stereotyping, pressure, lack of disagreement, self-deception, insularity _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Irving Janis and groupthink -- Answer ✔✔ members of a group are so driven to reach
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
unanimous decisions that they no longer truly evaluate the consequences of their
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
decisions
occurs when the groups making decision are isolated and homogeneous, there is a lack
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_of impartial leadership inside or outside the gorup, when there is a high level of
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
pressure for a decision to be made _ _ _ _ _ _
,Conformity -- Answer ✔✔ when someone's behavior, beliefs, or thinking changes to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
line up with the perspective of others
_ _ _ _ _ _
compliance -- Answer ✔✔ when the person conforms but internally dissents
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Conversion -- Answer ✔✔ genuine change in someone's beliefs
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Asch Experiment -- Answer ✔✔ experimented how people would rather conform than
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
state their own individual answer even though they know the group's answer is
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
wrong, length of lines _ _ _
compliance (requests) -- Answer ✔✔ responses to requests from someone with no
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
power to enforce that request.
_ _ _ _
foot-in-the-door technique -- Answer ✔✔ asking for a small commitment and, after_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
gaining compliance, asking for a bigger commitment
_ _ _ _ _ _
door-in-the-face technique -- Answer ✔✔ asking for a large commitment and being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
refused and then asking for a smaller commitment
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
low-ball technique -- Answer ✔✔ persuasive technique in which the seller of a product
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_starts by quoting a low sales price and then mentions all of the add-on costs once the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
customer has agreed to purchase the product _ _ _ _ _ _
obidience -- Answer ✔✔ changing one's behavior at the command of an authority
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
figure
Milgram Experiment -- Answer ✔✔ an experiment devised in 1961 by Stanley Milgram,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a psychologist at Yale University, to see how far ordinary people would go to obey a
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
scientific authority figure with giving electric shocks
_ _ _ _ _ _
Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo) -- Answer ✔✔ classic "experiment" where
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
individuals were assigned to be guards / prisoners. w/in days they took on their roles
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
and went too far. Highly unethical
_ _ _ _ _
, social norms -- Answer ✔✔ rules, spoken or unspoken, that regulate behavior, beliefs,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
attitudes, and values of members of society _ _ _ _ _ _
social control -- Answer ✔✔ the way norms are taught, enforced, and perpetuated
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
deviance -- Answer ✔✔ when someone doesn't follow a norm
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
formal vs informal norms -- Answer ✔✔ Formal:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-generally written down, like *laws* _ _ _ _
-precisely defined, publicly presented and have strict penalties for violators
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
informal: generally understood but less precise and carry no specific punishment
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Folkways -- Answer ✔✔ insignificant informal norms that involve small details, violating
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
them does not cause too much of a problem, example: fashion, wearing socks with
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
sandals
mores -- Answer ✔✔ informal norms, which incur severe disapproval when violated.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ex: cheating on romantic partner
_ _ _ _
taboos -- Answer ✔✔ even more restrictive norms that generate extreme disapproval.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_Ex: cannabalism, incest. Driven by culture. Some are forbidden by law and some aren't.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Anomie -- Answer ✔✔ Refers to situation where there is a poor match between
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
society's stated norms and the norms that an individual responds to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
sanctions -- Answer ✔✔ punishment or negative consequences for violating a social
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
norm. Rewards for following social norm.
_ _ _ _ _
adding a solute to water will ----- bp and ----- mp, -- Answer ✔✔ increase; lower
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
differential association theory -- Answer ✔✔ theory that individuals learn deviance in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to, and deviance is learned
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
socially, draws from symbolic interactionism
_ _ _ _
