AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY MEMORY QUESTIONS WITH
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.
What does the visuo-spatial sketchpad do -- Answer ✔✔ plans spatial tasks and stores
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visual or spatial information
_ _ _
What can the visuo-spatial sketchpad be divided into -- Answer ✔✔ Visual cache
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(visual information)_
Inner scribe (processes spatial relations)
_ _ _ _
What does the episodic buffer do -- Answer ✔✔ integrates information from all other
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
STM stores
_
What study provides evidence for the WMM -- Answer ✔✔ Hitch and Baddeley ( dual
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
tasks "B is followed by A")
_ _ _ _ _
KF (Verbal bad Visual Fine)
_ _ _ _
Evaluate the WMM -- Answer ✔✔ Lack of evidence for the CE
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Supporting evidence for separate stores of STM (Hitch and Baddeley)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Lieberman stated that the visuo-spatial should be divided into two separate
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
components: one for visual and one for spatial as the sketchpad presumes that all
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
spatial was first visual, but it can’t be as blind people have good spatial awareness
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Name the three types of LTM -- Answer ✔✔ Episodic memories are about events that
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_have happened to us before and is concerned with our personal experiences.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Procedural memories are memories of how to do things such as tie your shoe laces or
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_making a cup of tea, they are acquired through repetition.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Semantic memories are concerned with knowing things, such as facts or that you go to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_school at a certain age etc.
_ _ _ _ _
These usually start as episodic memories but eventually transition to semantic.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
, Outline the two ways interference can explain forgetting -- Answer ✔✔ Proactive
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
interference - This is where old information interferes with trying to learn new
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
information.
Retroactive interference - This is where new information has interfered with old
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
information.
Study of capacity of STM -- Answer ✔✔ Miller (Immediate Digit Span Test)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Jacobs Support _
Study of duration of STM -- Answer ✔✔ Peterson and Peterson (Trigrams)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
24 students given a consonant syllable and a three digit number i.e. THX 512.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
They were asked to recall the consonant syllable after a retention interval of 3, 6 , 9,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12 or 15 seconds. During this interval they had to count backwards from their three
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
digit number. Participants were 90% correct after 3 seconds, 20% correct after 9 and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
only 2% correct after 18 seconds.
_ _ _ _ _ _
Suggesting it is less than 18 seconds. _ _ _ _ _ _
Study of duration of LTM -- Answer ✔✔ Bahrick (Free recall, photo recognition and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
name recognition tests) _ _
400 people of various ages were tested on their memory of high school classmates.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
They were given a free recall to recall as many class mates as they could. Then they
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
were given 50 photos, some with people from their school year book. Bahrick found
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
that recall after 15 years of graduation was 90% accurate from photos, and after 48
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
years was 70%. With free recall it was about 60% accurate and 30%.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Showing that it is possibly an unlimited duration for LTM.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Study of encoding -- Answer ✔✔ Baddeley (Semantically and Acoustically
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Similar/Dissimilar words) _
Baddeley had lists of acoustically similar words such as: Cat, cab, can, map, mat, max
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
etc.
And also semantically similar words: Huge, big, large, titanic, massive etc.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
He found that participants had difficulty remembering acoustically similar words in the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
STM and in the LTM struggled with semantically similar words.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
He concluded that STM is largely encoded acoustically whereas LTM is encoded
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
semantically.
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.
What does the visuo-spatial sketchpad do -- Answer ✔✔ plans spatial tasks and stores
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
visual or spatial information
_ _ _
What can the visuo-spatial sketchpad be divided into -- Answer ✔✔ Visual cache
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(visual information)_
Inner scribe (processes spatial relations)
_ _ _ _
What does the episodic buffer do -- Answer ✔✔ integrates information from all other
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
STM stores
_
What study provides evidence for the WMM -- Answer ✔✔ Hitch and Baddeley ( dual
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
tasks "B is followed by A")
_ _ _ _ _
KF (Verbal bad Visual Fine)
_ _ _ _
Evaluate the WMM -- Answer ✔✔ Lack of evidence for the CE
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Supporting evidence for separate stores of STM (Hitch and Baddeley)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Lieberman stated that the visuo-spatial should be divided into two separate
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
components: one for visual and one for spatial as the sketchpad presumes that all
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
spatial was first visual, but it can’t be as blind people have good spatial awareness
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Name the three types of LTM -- Answer ✔✔ Episodic memories are about events that
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_have happened to us before and is concerned with our personal experiences.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Procedural memories are memories of how to do things such as tie your shoe laces or
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_making a cup of tea, they are acquired through repetition.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Semantic memories are concerned with knowing things, such as facts or that you go to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_school at a certain age etc.
_ _ _ _ _
These usually start as episodic memories but eventually transition to semantic.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
, Outline the two ways interference can explain forgetting -- Answer ✔✔ Proactive
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
interference - This is where old information interferes with trying to learn new
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
information.
Retroactive interference - This is where new information has interfered with old
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
information.
Study of capacity of STM -- Answer ✔✔ Miller (Immediate Digit Span Test)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Jacobs Support _
Study of duration of STM -- Answer ✔✔ Peterson and Peterson (Trigrams)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
24 students given a consonant syllable and a three digit number i.e. THX 512.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
They were asked to recall the consonant syllable after a retention interval of 3, 6 , 9,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12 or 15 seconds. During this interval they had to count backwards from their three
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
digit number. Participants were 90% correct after 3 seconds, 20% correct after 9 and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
only 2% correct after 18 seconds.
_ _ _ _ _ _
Suggesting it is less than 18 seconds. _ _ _ _ _ _
Study of duration of LTM -- Answer ✔✔ Bahrick (Free recall, photo recognition and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
name recognition tests) _ _
400 people of various ages were tested on their memory of high school classmates.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
They were given a free recall to recall as many class mates as they could. Then they
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
were given 50 photos, some with people from their school year book. Bahrick found
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
that recall after 15 years of graduation was 90% accurate from photos, and after 48
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
years was 70%. With free recall it was about 60% accurate and 30%.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Showing that it is possibly an unlimited duration for LTM.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Study of encoding -- Answer ✔✔ Baddeley (Semantically and Acoustically
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Similar/Dissimilar words) _
Baddeley had lists of acoustically similar words such as: Cat, cab, can, map, mat, max
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
etc.
And also semantically similar words: Huge, big, large, titanic, massive etc.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
He found that participants had difficulty remembering acoustically similar words in the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
STM and in the LTM struggled with semantically similar words.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
He concluded that STM is largely encoded acoustically whereas LTM is encoded
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
semantically.
