Nurs Adv Pharm 5334 UTA Exam 1 Pharmacology
Module #1,#2 & #3 Exam Review Questions And
Answers
What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics? ANS - Absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
Bioavailability ANS The extent of drug that becomes available to the body after absorption
"Free Drug" ANS - The drug that is not bound to protein that is free to exert a therapeutic effect
Nicotine is a? What (3) effects does it have? ANS - A CYP 450 inducer
- Increase metabolism of drug and result in decreased effects and shortened half-life
Grapefruit Juice is a? What (3) effects does it have? ANS - A CYP 450 Inhibitor
- Decreased metabolism
- Drug toxicity
- Shorted half life
Kidneys ANS The main organs responsible for drug excretion
Half-life ANS The time required for one half of the drug to be removed from the body
Peak Effect ANS The time taken for the drug to reach maximum therapeutic response
Peak Level ANS - The highest concentration of drug in blood
Drug Polymorphism ANS The effect of a patient's age, gender, size, body composition and other
characteristics on the pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
,Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different factors. ANS 1. Environmental
(diet & nutritional status)
2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition affect absorption? ANS - High
Fat Diets = increased absorption of many drugs
- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? ANS - Category I
The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL ANS - 4-6 grams/dl
If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more _______ than normal. ANS -
Alkaline
Prodrug ANS - A drug that is converted from an inactive form into an active metabolite through
biotransformation in the liver
Paradoxical Reaction ANS - The opposite reaction than what is expected with the specific drug
The three names for Medications? ANS - Chemical, trade and generic
Chemical name of a drug refers to? ANS - The chemical structure
Trade name / brand name of a medication ANS - proprietary name
- more expensive than generic
,- Shorter, easier name
Generic Medication ANS - Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) ANS 1. Drug is ingested
2. Disintegrated
3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
What is absorption? ANS - The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream for distributions to tissues
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass through the _______ before it
reaches the ________ circulation. ANS - A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must first
pass through the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation
High first-pass effect ANS - A large portion is changed into an inactive metabolite
Which routes of medication administration would be impacted by first pass effect? ANS -
Anything GI related can have first pass effect
- Oral and Rectal administration
Which routes will not be impacted by first-pass effect? ANS - Parenteral and topical
What are the (3) basic routes of medication administration? ANS - Enteral, Parenteral, and
topical
What is enteral route of medication administration? ANS - Is absorbed through the GI mucosa
, What is parenteral route of medication administration? What does it normally refer to? ANS -
The fastest route
- Any route other than the GI tract
- Normally refers to injection
-
Would the dose of medication for an oral tablet be the same as intravenous injection of the same
medication? Why or Why Not? Which will have a larger dose? ANS - No
- The intravenous route bypasses the liver
- The oral dose will be much larger
If the drug has a high first pass rate would you give the same dose IV as you did PO? Why or why
not? ANS - No
- You would want to give a smaller dose IV
What is the topical route? Examples? ANS - Application of medicine to body surfaces
- Ex: Ointments, gels and creams
What is the transdermal route of medication? What is it used for? Drug absorption rate? How long
can it last? ANS - medication delivery through adhesive patches
- Used for systemic effect
- Constant rate of drug absorption
- One patch can last 1-7 days
Inhalation is which type of route? ANS - Topical
(5) things that can impact absorption? (basic not definitions too) ANS - Blood flow
- Food
- Temperature of food
- Gastric pH
Module #1,#2 & #3 Exam Review Questions And
Answers
What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics? ANS - Absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
Bioavailability ANS The extent of drug that becomes available to the body after absorption
"Free Drug" ANS - The drug that is not bound to protein that is free to exert a therapeutic effect
Nicotine is a? What (3) effects does it have? ANS - A CYP 450 inducer
- Increase metabolism of drug and result in decreased effects and shortened half-life
Grapefruit Juice is a? What (3) effects does it have? ANS - A CYP 450 Inhibitor
- Decreased metabolism
- Drug toxicity
- Shorted half life
Kidneys ANS The main organs responsible for drug excretion
Half-life ANS The time required for one half of the drug to be removed from the body
Peak Effect ANS The time taken for the drug to reach maximum therapeutic response
Peak Level ANS - The highest concentration of drug in blood
Drug Polymorphism ANS The effect of a patient's age, gender, size, body composition and other
characteristics on the pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
,Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different factors. ANS 1. Environmental
(diet & nutritional status)
2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition affect absorption? ANS - High
Fat Diets = increased absorption of many drugs
- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? ANS - Category I
The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL ANS - 4-6 grams/dl
If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more _______ than normal. ANS -
Alkaline
Prodrug ANS - A drug that is converted from an inactive form into an active metabolite through
biotransformation in the liver
Paradoxical Reaction ANS - The opposite reaction than what is expected with the specific drug
The three names for Medications? ANS - Chemical, trade and generic
Chemical name of a drug refers to? ANS - The chemical structure
Trade name / brand name of a medication ANS - proprietary name
- more expensive than generic
,- Shorter, easier name
Generic Medication ANS - Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) ANS 1. Drug is ingested
2. Disintegrated
3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
What is absorption? ANS - The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream for distributions to tissues
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass through the _______ before it
reaches the ________ circulation. ANS - A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must first
pass through the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation
High first-pass effect ANS - A large portion is changed into an inactive metabolite
Which routes of medication administration would be impacted by first pass effect? ANS -
Anything GI related can have first pass effect
- Oral and Rectal administration
Which routes will not be impacted by first-pass effect? ANS - Parenteral and topical
What are the (3) basic routes of medication administration? ANS - Enteral, Parenteral, and
topical
What is enteral route of medication administration? ANS - Is absorbed through the GI mucosa
, What is parenteral route of medication administration? What does it normally refer to? ANS -
The fastest route
- Any route other than the GI tract
- Normally refers to injection
-
Would the dose of medication for an oral tablet be the same as intravenous injection of the same
medication? Why or Why Not? Which will have a larger dose? ANS - No
- The intravenous route bypasses the liver
- The oral dose will be much larger
If the drug has a high first pass rate would you give the same dose IV as you did PO? Why or why
not? ANS - No
- You would want to give a smaller dose IV
What is the topical route? Examples? ANS - Application of medicine to body surfaces
- Ex: Ointments, gels and creams
What is the transdermal route of medication? What is it used for? Drug absorption rate? How long
can it last? ANS - medication delivery through adhesive patches
- Used for systemic effect
- Constant rate of drug absorption
- One patch can last 1-7 days
Inhalation is which type of route? ANS - Topical
(5) things that can impact absorption? (basic not definitions too) ANS - Blood flow
- Food
- Temperature of food
- Gastric pH
