PSYC-140 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Longitudinal study design -- Answer ✔✔ following individuals over a long period of time
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
with multiple assessment points
a a a
Cross-sectional study -- Answer ✔✔ comparing different age groups at the same time
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Naturalistic observation -- Answer ✔✔ research method in which one observes a subject
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
outside of a research setting
a a a a
Case study -- Answer ✔✔ research method involving a direct observation of a patient;
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
interviewing in great detail a a a
Study/interview -- Answer ✔✔ research method in which surveys administered a a a a a a a a a a
anonymously or asked in an interview format in-person a a a a a a a
Correlational research -- Answer ✔✔ research method of seeing how two variables
a a a a a a a a a a a a
relate; looking at strength and direction of relationship
a a a a a a a
Experiments -- Answer ✔✔ research method in which you tightly control the variables,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
setting, and participants which manipulating one factor believed to have influence.
a a a a a a a a a a
Hawthorne effect -- Answer ✔✔ A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
awareness of being studied a a a
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? -- Answer ✔✔ - naturalistic
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
aobservation
- case study
a a
- study/interview
a
- correlational research
a a
,- experiments
a
Three types of prenatal diagnostic tests -- Answer ✔✔ ultrasound, amniocentesis, and
a a a a a a a a a a a a
chorionic villus sampling (CVA) a a a
Ultrasound -- Answer ✔✔ prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency sounds
a a a a a a a a a a a a
to create an image of the baby
a a a a a a
Amniocentesis -- Answer ✔✔ Prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle puncture of
a a a a a a a a a a a
the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for chromosomal and
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
genetic abnormalities a
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) -- Answer ✔✔ Prenatal diagnostic technique in which a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is removed for analysis to detect certain
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
a a a a a a
What are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? -- Answer ✔✔ passive,
a a a a a a a a a a a a
evocative, and active a a
Passive genotype-environment interaction -- Answer ✔✔ parents provide genetic
a a a a a a a a a
disposition and nurturing context to foster certain qualities
a a a a a a a
Evocative genotype-environment interaction -- Answer ✔✔ parents provide genetic
a a a a a a a a a
predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in others that will influence their
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
development
Active genotype-environment interaction -- Answer ✔✔ parents provide genetic
a a a a a a a a a
predisposition that results in a child actively seeking out environmental conditions that
a a a a a a a a a a a a
foster development of certain qualities
a a a a
Three periods of neonatal development -- Answer ✔✔ germinal, embryonic, and fetal
a a a a a a a a a a a
Germinal period -- Answer ✔✔ week 0-2
a a a a a a
Zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
a a a a a
,Embryonic period -- Answer ✔✔ week 2-8 a a a a a a
Layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
a a a a a a a a a a
Fetal period -- Answer ✔✔ month 2-9
a a a a a a
Major growth and development
a a a
Teratogens -- Answer ✔✔ agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a birth
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
defect
Which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? -- Answer ✔✔ - gestational age
a a a a a a a a a a a a
- amount of teratogen
a a a
- susceptibility
a
When does organogenesis begin? -- Answer ✔✔ Around week 3 through week 8
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Why is stress a teratogen? -- Answer ✔✔ stress causes blood to be directed away from
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
fetus and towards mother's brain, limbs, heart. Cortisol can cross placenta and increase
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
fetal HRa
Why is cognitive development more susceptible? -- Answer ✔✔ brain develops all
a a a a a a a a a a a a
throughout pregnancy a
What are the three phases of childbirth? -- Answer ✔✔ - early & active labor
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
- delivery of baby
a a a
- delivery of the placenta
a a a a
Early labor and active labor -- Answer ✔✔ - longest stage
a a a a a a a a a a
- starts at onset of true labor
a a a a a a
- ends when cervix completely dilated
a a a a a
- 30-45 sec contractions w 5-30 min between
a a a a a a a
- 45-60 sec contractions w 3-5 min between
a a a a a a a
- amniotic sac may rupture
a a a a
Delivery of baby -- Answer ✔✔ - begins when cervix dilated
a a a a a a a a a a
- 20 min-2 hrs.
a a a
, Delivery of placenta -- Answer ✔✔ - 5-10 min
a a a a a a a a
- contractions again
a a
- placenta separates from uterine wall
a a a a a
Three drugs used in childbirth -- Answer ✔✔ analgesia, anesthesia, oxytocics
a a a a a a a a a a
Analgesia vs Anesthesia -- Answer ✔✔ drugs that relieve pain; includes narcotics,
a a a a a a a a a a a a
tranquilizers, and barbiturates a a
Anesthesia -- Answer ✔✔ drugs that blocks pain, can be general or epidural
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Oxytocics -- Answer ✔✔ drugs that stimulate contractions and induce labor
a a a a a a a a a a
Postpartum biological adjustments -- Answer ✔✔ involution, sleep adjustments, physical
a a a a a a a a a a
healing
Postpartum psychological adjustments -- Answer ✔✔ coordinating schedules, readjusting
a a a a a a a a a
social relationships, bonding with baby
a a a a
Pros and cons of naturalistic observation -- Answer ✔✔ pro: can observe natural
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
behavior
Con: can only study what you can see
a a a a a a a
Pros and cons of case study -- Answer ✔✔ pro: rich and detailed info, especially in a rare
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
case
Con: may not be applicable to other cases
a a a a a a a
Pros and cons of surveys -- Answer ✔✔ pro: a lot of info, large sample, easy
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Con: self-reporting
a
Pros and cons of correlational study -- Answer ✔✔ pro: investigate relationships
a a a a a a a a a a a
ANSWERS
Longitudinal study design -- Answer ✔✔ following individuals over a long period of time
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
with multiple assessment points
a a a
Cross-sectional study -- Answer ✔✔ comparing different age groups at the same time
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Naturalistic observation -- Answer ✔✔ research method in which one observes a subject
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
outside of a research setting
a a a a
Case study -- Answer ✔✔ research method involving a direct observation of a patient;
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
interviewing in great detail a a a
Study/interview -- Answer ✔✔ research method in which surveys administered a a a a a a a a a a
anonymously or asked in an interview format in-person a a a a a a a
Correlational research -- Answer ✔✔ research method of seeing how two variables
a a a a a a a a a a a a
relate; looking at strength and direction of relationship
a a a a a a a
Experiments -- Answer ✔✔ research method in which you tightly control the variables,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
setting, and participants which manipulating one factor believed to have influence.
a a a a a a a a a a
Hawthorne effect -- Answer ✔✔ A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
awareness of being studied a a a
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? -- Answer ✔✔ - naturalistic
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
aobservation
- case study
a a
- study/interview
a
- correlational research
a a
,- experiments
a
Three types of prenatal diagnostic tests -- Answer ✔✔ ultrasound, amniocentesis, and
a a a a a a a a a a a a
chorionic villus sampling (CVA) a a a
Ultrasound -- Answer ✔✔ prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency sounds
a a a a a a a a a a a a
to create an image of the baby
a a a a a a
Amniocentesis -- Answer ✔✔ Prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle puncture of
a a a a a a a a a a a
the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for chromosomal and
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
genetic abnormalities a
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) -- Answer ✔✔ Prenatal diagnostic technique in which a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is removed for analysis to detect certain
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
a a a a a a
What are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? -- Answer ✔✔ passive,
a a a a a a a a a a a a
evocative, and active a a
Passive genotype-environment interaction -- Answer ✔✔ parents provide genetic
a a a a a a a a a
disposition and nurturing context to foster certain qualities
a a a a a a a
Evocative genotype-environment interaction -- Answer ✔✔ parents provide genetic
a a a a a a a a a
predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in others that will influence their
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
development
Active genotype-environment interaction -- Answer ✔✔ parents provide genetic
a a a a a a a a a
predisposition that results in a child actively seeking out environmental conditions that
a a a a a a a a a a a a
foster development of certain qualities
a a a a
Three periods of neonatal development -- Answer ✔✔ germinal, embryonic, and fetal
a a a a a a a a a a a
Germinal period -- Answer ✔✔ week 0-2
a a a a a a
Zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
a a a a a
,Embryonic period -- Answer ✔✔ week 2-8 a a a a a a
Layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
a a a a a a a a a a
Fetal period -- Answer ✔✔ month 2-9
a a a a a a
Major growth and development
a a a
Teratogens -- Answer ✔✔ agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a birth
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
defect
Which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? -- Answer ✔✔ - gestational age
a a a a a a a a a a a a
- amount of teratogen
a a a
- susceptibility
a
When does organogenesis begin? -- Answer ✔✔ Around week 3 through week 8
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Why is stress a teratogen? -- Answer ✔✔ stress causes blood to be directed away from
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
fetus and towards mother's brain, limbs, heart. Cortisol can cross placenta and increase
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
fetal HRa
Why is cognitive development more susceptible? -- Answer ✔✔ brain develops all
a a a a a a a a a a a a
throughout pregnancy a
What are the three phases of childbirth? -- Answer ✔✔ - early & active labor
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
- delivery of baby
a a a
- delivery of the placenta
a a a a
Early labor and active labor -- Answer ✔✔ - longest stage
a a a a a a a a a a
- starts at onset of true labor
a a a a a a
- ends when cervix completely dilated
a a a a a
- 30-45 sec contractions w 5-30 min between
a a a a a a a
- 45-60 sec contractions w 3-5 min between
a a a a a a a
- amniotic sac may rupture
a a a a
Delivery of baby -- Answer ✔✔ - begins when cervix dilated
a a a a a a a a a a
- 20 min-2 hrs.
a a a
, Delivery of placenta -- Answer ✔✔ - 5-10 min
a a a a a a a a
- contractions again
a a
- placenta separates from uterine wall
a a a a a
Three drugs used in childbirth -- Answer ✔✔ analgesia, anesthesia, oxytocics
a a a a a a a a a a
Analgesia vs Anesthesia -- Answer ✔✔ drugs that relieve pain; includes narcotics,
a a a a a a a a a a a a
tranquilizers, and barbiturates a a
Anesthesia -- Answer ✔✔ drugs that blocks pain, can be general or epidural
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Oxytocics -- Answer ✔✔ drugs that stimulate contractions and induce labor
a a a a a a a a a a
Postpartum biological adjustments -- Answer ✔✔ involution, sleep adjustments, physical
a a a a a a a a a a
healing
Postpartum psychological adjustments -- Answer ✔✔ coordinating schedules, readjusting
a a a a a a a a a
social relationships, bonding with baby
a a a a
Pros and cons of naturalistic observation -- Answer ✔✔ pro: can observe natural
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
behavior
Con: can only study what you can see
a a a a a a a
Pros and cons of case study -- Answer ✔✔ pro: rich and detailed info, especially in a rare
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
case
Con: may not be applicable to other cases
a a a a a a a
Pros and cons of surveys -- Answer ✔✔ pro: a lot of info, large sample, easy
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Con: self-reporting
a
Pros and cons of correlational study -- Answer ✔✔ pro: investigate relationships
a a a a a a a a a a a
