NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025

NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS.


1) Etiology -- Answer ✔✔ Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
a a a a a a a a a a




2) Pathogenesis -- Answer ✔✔ Story of how disease develops a a a a a a a a




3) Atrophy -- Answer ✔✔ Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




mass

4) Hypertrophy -- Answer ✔✔ Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
a a a a a a a a a a a a




5) Hyperplasia -- Answer ✔✔ Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
a a a a a a a a a a a a




6) Metaplasia -- Answer ✔✔ Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




Ex: chronic smokers, cells lose cilia
a a a a a




7) Dysplasia -- Answer ✔✔ Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
a a a a a a a a a a a a




8) Neoplasia -- Answer ✔✔ New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




benign

9) Apoptosis -- Answer ✔✔ Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
a a a a a a a a a a a




10) Ischemia -- Answer ✔✔ Deficit of oxygen in the cells
a a a a a a a a a




11) Hypoxia -- Answer ✔✔ Reduced oxygen in the tissues
a a a a a a a a




12) Iatrogenic -- Answer ✔✔ illness or disease process because a medical process was
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




done ex: CAUTI
a a

, 13) Autosomal Recessive Disorders -- Answer ✔✔ Has to have two recessive genes to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




(phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs a




14) Cystic fibrosis -- Answer ✔✔ autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucus
a a a a a a a a a a a a




secretions

15) PKU (phenylketonuria) -- Answer ✔✔ autosomal recessive disorder that causes an
a a a a a a a a a a a




inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow
a a a a a a a a a a a




strict very low protein diet
a a a a




16) Tay-Sachs -- Answer ✔✔ autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




be produced causing fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




brain and spinal cord
a a a




17) Autosomal Dominant Disorders -- Answer ✔✔ Only takes one gene for disease to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




show. There are no carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome,
a a a a a a a a a a a a




Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia a a




18) Marfan Syndrome -- Answer ✔✔ Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long
a a a a a a a a a a




extremities, congenital heart defects a a a




19) Huntington's Disease -- Answer ✔✔ Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells
a a a a a a a a a a




break down over time, causing involuntary movements
a a a a a a




20) Familial Hypercholesterolemia -- Answer ✔✔ Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high
a a a a a a a a a




cholesterol

21) X-Linked Disorders -- Answer ✔✔ Disorder carried on the x chromosome
a a a a a a a a a a




22) Recessive X-Linked Disorders -- Answer ✔✔ Color blindness, more prominent in
a a a a a a a a a a a




males, XcY male color blind, XcXc female color blind. XcX not color blind only
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




carrier.