NR-283 TEST 5 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS

NR-283: TEST 5 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.


1) What are the stages of sleep? -- Answer ✔✔ NREM: 2 stages
a a a a a a a a a a a a




- N1: haziness, lasts 1-5 minutes
a a a a a




- N2: brain activity, HR, & respirations slow; muscles may twitch
a a a a a a a a a a




N3: Delta stage
a a a




- deep sleep a a




- delta waves in the brain a a a a a




- body heals itself (releases growth hormone)
a a a a a a




REM: a




- N4: brain is very active; vivid dreams; body is temp. Paralyzed
a a a a a a a a a a a




Repeat in 90 minute increments
a a a a a




Body can do through the cycle 5-6x
a a a a a a




2) What is the physiology of sleep? -- Answer ✔✔ Circadian Rhythm:
a a a a a a a a a a a




- internal clock; 24 hr. cycle a a a a a




- sleep-wake cycle a a




- can be disrupted by light, temp, social activities, work
a a a a a a a a




- influences biological & behavioral function better @different times of the day
a a a a a a a a a a a




Sleep regulation:
a a




- regulated by the hypothalamus a a a a




- wakefulness (regulated by RAS); increases levels of ach, dopamine, and a a a a a a a a a a




cortisol a




- sleepiness (regulated by the BRS); serotonin, GABA, growth hormones,
a a a a a a a a




3) What factors can influence sleep positively or negatively? -- Answer ✔✔ - illness
a a a a a a a a a a a a




- drugs & substances a a




- Lifestyle a




- sleeping pattern a a




- emotional stress a




- environment a




- fatigue a

, - food a




- age

4) How many hours of sleep are required for each age category? -- Answer ✔✔ - 0-2
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




months: 12-18: hrs. a a a




- 3m-1yr: 14-15 hrs. a a a




- 1-3 yrs: 12-14 hrs. a a a a




- 3-5 yrs: 11-13 hrs. a a a a




- 5-12yrs: 10-11 hrs. a a a




- 12-18 yrs: 8.5-10 hrs. a a a a




- 18+: 7.5-9 a




5) What hormones are related to sleep? -- Answer ✔✔ - serotonin: lessens response to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




stimuli
a a




- GABA: shuts off neurons of RAS; primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the
a a a a a a a a a a a




brain; produced by beta-cells in the pancreas a a a a a a a




- pineal gland: secretes melatonin; makes you feel less alert; reduces in the
a a a a a a a a a a a a




daylight & cortisol rises a a a a




- cortisol: stress hormones, increases during the day a a a a a a




6) Sleep disorders -- Answer ✔✔ - insomnia: trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




getting good quality sleep
a a a a




- narcolepsy: brain's inability to control sleep-wake cycles a a a a a a a




- hypersomnia: excessive daytime sleepiness a a a a




- sleep deprivation lack of good quality & adequate sleep
a a a a a a a a a




- parasomnia: during a state between sleep & wakefulness a a a a a a a a




- sleep apnea: lack of airflow through the nose & mouth for periods of 10 sec or
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




longer during sleep; CPAP machine is used as treatment to keep airway open
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




during sleep a




7) Medications -- Answer ✔✔ - benzos depress the CNS & alter REM & NREM (mostly
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




affects REM) a




Side effects: daytime drowsiness
a a a




8) What are the factors for communication in family nursing? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Be
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




proactive, not reactive a a a