CRRN exam (evaluations and solutions)well analysed,Edition 1

Glasgow Coma Scale - answer-eyes, verbal, motor Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma Eyes 4- spontaneous 3- to voice 2- to pain 1- unresponsive Dystonia - answer-a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures Ataxia - answer-Impaired balance or coordination, can be due to damage to brain, nerves, or muscles. Ptosis - answer-eyelid drooping cranial nerves for swallowing - answer-HypoGLOSSal, GLOSSOphyarngeal, Trigeminal, spinal accessory Gate control theory of Pain - answer-The theory that pain is a product of both physiological and psychological factors that cause spinal gates to open and relay patterns of intense stimulation to the brain, which perceives them as pain. (large/fast fibers CLOSE gate; small cells OPEN the gate) Nuremburg Code - answer-rules regarding patients consenting for and participating in clinical studies. cross-subsidization - answer-use of high prices and profits one group to subsidize low prices for another group contractual allowance - answer-difference from what the insurance company approves and what the HCP charges for the procedure Infancy (0-1 years old) - answer-trust vs mistrust Toddlerhood (1-3 years old) - answer-autonomy vs shame and doubt, egocentrism Early childhood (3-5 years old) - answer-initiative vs. guilt, understands right vs wrong Middle childhood (6-12 years old) - answer-industry vs inferiority, percieves past and future Adolescence (13-16 years old) - answer-identity, formal operations Moses' Grief Response - answer-Denial, Anxiety, Depression, and Anger/Guilt Kaplan's Triphasic Model - answer-desire, excitement, orgasm Worden's stages of grief - answer-feelings, thoughts, behaviors, physical sensations Orem's Self-Care Model - answer-focuses on the patient's self-care capacities and the process of designing nursing actions to meet the patient's self-care needs "chronic" pain at X month - answer-at 6 months esophageal speech - answer-burping and pressure/vibration legal blindness - answer-20/200 Bobath: Neuromuscular Developmental Treatment (NDT) - answer-Patients learn the sensation of movement, not the actual movement Three point gait - answer-Move crutches forward with injured (affected) leg, followed by unaffected leg. (think all pressure on unaffected leg swinging forward) figure ground deficit - answer-difficulty distinguishing foreground from background lowest level of SCI requires to be vent dependent - answer-C2 Homan's sign - answer-pain in *calf upon dorsiflexion* of foot and may indicated thrombophlebitis Pharnyx - answer-throat Larynx - answer-voice box Manage phantom pain w/ - answer-with prosthetic use and gentle stimulation Two-point gait - answer-One crutch and opposite extremity move together followed by opposite crutch and extremity Hemianopsia - answer-blindness in half the visual field homonymous hemianopsia - answer-loss of half of the field of view on the same side in both eyes (nasal half and temporal half) heteronymous hemianopsia - answer-loss of vision in different visual fields in each eye Bitemporal hemianopsia - answer-peripheral vision loss Propioceptors - answer-receptor which responds to position and movement Proprioception - answer-awareness of position and body movement hemiplegia - answer-paralysis of one side of the body hemiparesis - answer-weakness on one side of the body right hemiplegia - answer-right sided paralysis (left CVA) anosgnosia - answer-A condition in which a person with an illness seems unaware of the existence of his or her illness. (not denial of their illness) Broca's (nonfluent) aphasia - answer-Brain damage in motor association cortex of frontal lobe causes nonfluent aphasia, because the person has difficulty speaking (or writing) even though he or she can understand language heard or read; impaired repetition and naming Broca's aphasia - answer-nonfluent Wernicke's aphasia - answer-Aphasia resulting from damage to the Wernicke's area of the frontal lobe. Difficulty understanding written and spoken language. *W*ORD SALAD Stereognosis - answer-ability to recognize objects by feeling their form, size, and weight while the eyes are closed verbal apraxia - answer-A motor speech disorder makes it difficult to speak dysarthia - answer-slurred speech apraxia - answer-inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage. hemiplegic shoulder subluxation - answer-dislocation single cane or crutch - answer-held on the noninjured side (device and injured leg, then noninjured leg forward) not swinging