MICR 271 Module 6
Who developed innovate laboratory glassware and experimental methods that conducted to the young
field of bacteriology in the late 19th century? - correct answer Louis Pasteur
1861 - The Pasteur Effect - correct answer -introduces terms aerobic and anaerobic
-observes that alcohol was produced in absence of oxygen when sugar is fermented
1880 - Attenuated Vaccines - correct answer -Pasteur develops a method of
attenuating a virulent pathogen, so it would immunize and not cause disease
-conceptual breakthrough for establishing protection against disease by inoculation of a a weakened
strain of causative agent
1890 - Bacterial Nitrification - correct answer -Windogradsky succeeds in isolating
nitrifying bacteria from soil and preforms major definitive work on organisms responsible for process of
nitrification in nature
1897 - Yeast Fementation - correct answer -Buchner publishes first evidence of a
cell-free fermentation process using extracts isolated from yeast
-this discovery refutes Pasteur's claim that fermentation requires presence of live cells
1901 - Growth Factors - correct answer -water-soluble compound of yeast, later
found to be a B vitamin that is required for the growth of yeast
1905 - Chemicals Produced by Bacteria - correct answer -aerobic bacilli isolated —>
produces acetone, ethanol, and acetic acid
1906 - Energy and Carbon Sources - correct answer -groundbreaking work on
methane-using and methane-producing bacteria
-first proof that methane can serve as an energy and carbon source
,1924 - Oxidation, Fermentation, and Biosynthesis - correct answer -points out that
life on earth would not be possible without microbes
1928 - Bacterial Transformation - correct answer -Griffith discovers transformation
in bacteria and establishes the foundation of molecular genetics
1944 - DNA role in Bacterial Transformation - correct answer -shows that DNA is the
transforming material in cells
1957 - Microbial Production of Amino Acids - correct answer -discovers that
bacteria can be used to produce monosodium glutamate
-leads to a new industry
1967 - Understanding Synthesis of Proteins Through Translation - correct answer -
proposed the existence of transfer RNA that uses a three base code and mediates in the synthesis of
proteins
-triplet nature of genetic code was first found in T4 phage
1965 - Molecular Systematics - correct answer -Pauling unlocked the key to the field
of nucleic acid-based identification of microorganisms by intro of the concept of molecular systematics
using proteins and nucleic acids
1966 - Genetic Control - correct answer -realization that chromosomes could be
redesigned and genes moved
1967 - Thermophile Bacterium Machinery - correct answer -Brock identifies a
thermophile bacterium from which heat stable DNA polymerase is later isolated and used in PCR
1970 - Restriction Enzymes & Reverse Transciptase - correct answer -Smith &
Wilcox describe the action of restriction enzymes which quickly becomes tools for sizing DNA
-Howard Temin & David Baltimore independently discover reverse transcriptase in RNA viruses
, 1973 - Recombinant DNA - correct answer -if DNA is broken into fragments &
combined w/ plasmid DNA, such recombinant DNA molecules will reproduce if inserted into bacterial
cells
1977 - Sequencing DNA - correct answer -Gilbert uses technique to determine the
sequence of an operon in a bacterial genome
-Sanger use the technique to determine the sequence of all 5375 nucelotides of phage phi-X174
1988 - PCR Technology - correct answer -heat stable DNA polymerase from
Thermus aquaticus to establish PCR technology
Key discovery: Virulent pathogens can be attenuated
Scientific significance? - correct answer conceptual breakthrough for the
development of vaccines
Key discovery: Isolation of aerobic bacilli
Scientific significance? - correct answer used for the production of important
industrial chemicals
Key discovery: Transformation discovered in bacteria
Scientific significance? - correct answer helped form the basis of molecular genetics
Key discovery: Discovery of a three-base code in T4 bacteriophage
Scientific significance? - correct answer all forms of life use this principle to mediate
protein syntheis
Key discovery: Lac region of E.coli was transported into another organism
Scientific significance? - correct answer realized chromosomes can be redesigned
and genes moved
Key discovery: Identification of Thermus aquaticus
Who developed innovate laboratory glassware and experimental methods that conducted to the young
field of bacteriology in the late 19th century? - correct answer Louis Pasteur
1861 - The Pasteur Effect - correct answer -introduces terms aerobic and anaerobic
-observes that alcohol was produced in absence of oxygen when sugar is fermented
1880 - Attenuated Vaccines - correct answer -Pasteur develops a method of
attenuating a virulent pathogen, so it would immunize and not cause disease
-conceptual breakthrough for establishing protection against disease by inoculation of a a weakened
strain of causative agent
1890 - Bacterial Nitrification - correct answer -Windogradsky succeeds in isolating
nitrifying bacteria from soil and preforms major definitive work on organisms responsible for process of
nitrification in nature
1897 - Yeast Fementation - correct answer -Buchner publishes first evidence of a
cell-free fermentation process using extracts isolated from yeast
-this discovery refutes Pasteur's claim that fermentation requires presence of live cells
1901 - Growth Factors - correct answer -water-soluble compound of yeast, later
found to be a B vitamin that is required for the growth of yeast
1905 - Chemicals Produced by Bacteria - correct answer -aerobic bacilli isolated —>
produces acetone, ethanol, and acetic acid
1906 - Energy and Carbon Sources - correct answer -groundbreaking work on
methane-using and methane-producing bacteria
-first proof that methane can serve as an energy and carbon source
,1924 - Oxidation, Fermentation, and Biosynthesis - correct answer -points out that
life on earth would not be possible without microbes
1928 - Bacterial Transformation - correct answer -Griffith discovers transformation
in bacteria and establishes the foundation of molecular genetics
1944 - DNA role in Bacterial Transformation - correct answer -shows that DNA is the
transforming material in cells
1957 - Microbial Production of Amino Acids - correct answer -discovers that
bacteria can be used to produce monosodium glutamate
-leads to a new industry
1967 - Understanding Synthesis of Proteins Through Translation - correct answer -
proposed the existence of transfer RNA that uses a three base code and mediates in the synthesis of
proteins
-triplet nature of genetic code was first found in T4 phage
1965 - Molecular Systematics - correct answer -Pauling unlocked the key to the field
of nucleic acid-based identification of microorganisms by intro of the concept of molecular systematics
using proteins and nucleic acids
1966 - Genetic Control - correct answer -realization that chromosomes could be
redesigned and genes moved
1967 - Thermophile Bacterium Machinery - correct answer -Brock identifies a
thermophile bacterium from which heat stable DNA polymerase is later isolated and used in PCR
1970 - Restriction Enzymes & Reverse Transciptase - correct answer -Smith &
Wilcox describe the action of restriction enzymes which quickly becomes tools for sizing DNA
-Howard Temin & David Baltimore independently discover reverse transcriptase in RNA viruses
, 1973 - Recombinant DNA - correct answer -if DNA is broken into fragments &
combined w/ plasmid DNA, such recombinant DNA molecules will reproduce if inserted into bacterial
cells
1977 - Sequencing DNA - correct answer -Gilbert uses technique to determine the
sequence of an operon in a bacterial genome
-Sanger use the technique to determine the sequence of all 5375 nucelotides of phage phi-X174
1988 - PCR Technology - correct answer -heat stable DNA polymerase from
Thermus aquaticus to establish PCR technology
Key discovery: Virulent pathogens can be attenuated
Scientific significance? - correct answer conceptual breakthrough for the
development of vaccines
Key discovery: Isolation of aerobic bacilli
Scientific significance? - correct answer used for the production of important
industrial chemicals
Key discovery: Transformation discovered in bacteria
Scientific significance? - correct answer helped form the basis of molecular genetics
Key discovery: Discovery of a three-base code in T4 bacteriophage
Scientific significance? - correct answer all forms of life use this principle to mediate
protein syntheis
Key discovery: Lac region of E.coli was transported into another organism
Scientific significance? - correct answer realized chromosomes can be redesigned
and genes moved
Key discovery: Identification of Thermus aquaticus
