MICR 271 Module 6 Actual Real Exam Questions And 100% Verified Correct Answers.

Who developed innovate laboratory glassware and experimental methods that conducted to the young field of bacteriology in the late 19th century? - correct answer Louis Pasteur 1861 - The Pasteur Effect - correct answer -introduces terms aerobic and anaerobic -observes that alcohol was produced in absence of oxygen when sugar is fermented 1880 - Attenuated Vaccines - correct answer -Pasteur develops a method of attenuating a virulent pathogen, so it would immunize and not cause disease -conceptual breakthrough for establishing protection against disease by inoculation of a a weakened strain of causative agent 1890 - Bacterial Nitrification - correct answer -Windogradsky succeeds in isolating nitrifying bacteria from soil and preforms major definitive work on organisms responsible for process of nitrification in nature 1897 - Yeast Fementation - correct answer -Buchner publishes first evidence of a cell-free fermentation process using extracts isolated from yeast -this discovery refutes Pasteur's claim that fermentation requires presence of live cells 1901 - Growth Factors - correct answer -water-soluble compound of yeast, later found to be a B vitamin that is required for the growth of yeast 1905 - Chemicals Produced by Bacteria - correct answer -aerobic bacilli isolated — produces acetone, ethanol, and acetic acid 1906 - Energy and Carbon Sources - correct answer -groundbreaking work on methane-using and methane-producing bacteria -first proof that methane can serve as an energy and carbon source 1924 - Oxidation, Fermentation, and Biosynthesis - correct answer -points out that life on earth would not be possible without microbes 1928 - Bacterial Transformation - correct answer -Griffith discovers transformation in bacteria and establishes the foundation of molecular genetics 1944 - DNA role in Bacterial Transformation - correct answer -shows that DNA is the transforming material in cells 1957 - Microbial Production of Amino Acids - correct answer -discovers that bacteria can be used to produce monosodium glutamate -leads to a new industry 1967 - Understanding Synthesis of Proteins Through Translation - correct answer -proposed the existence of transfer RNA that uses a three base code and mediates in the synthesis of proteins -triplet nature of genetic code was first found in T4 phage 1965 - Molecular Systematics - correct answer -Pauling unlocked the key to the field of nucleic acid-based identification of microorganisms by intro of the concept of molecular systematics using proteins and nucleic acids 1966 - Genetic Control - correct answer -realization that chromosomes could be redesigned and genes moved 1967 - Thermophile Bacterium Machinery - correct answer -Brock identifies a thermophile bacterium from which heat stable DNA polymerase is later isolated and used in PCR 1970 - Restriction Enzymes & Reverse Transciptase - correct answer -Smith & Wilcox describe the action of restriction enzymes which quickly becomes tools for sizing DNA -Howard Temin & David Baltimore independently discover reverse transcriptase in RNA viruses 1973 - Recombinant DNA - correct answer -if DNA is broken into fragments & combined w/ plasmid DNA, such recombinant DNA molecules will reproduce if inserted into bacterial cells 1977 - Sequencing DNA - correct answer -Gilbert uses technique to determine the sequence of an operon in a bacterial genome -Sanger use the technique to determine the sequence of all 5375 nucelotides of phage phi-X174 1988 - PCR Technology - correct answer -heat stable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus to establish PCR technology Key discovery: Virulent pathogens can be attenuated Scientific significance? - correct answer conceptual breakthrough for the development of vaccines Key discovery: Isolation of aerobic bacilli Scientific significance? - correct answer used for the production of important industrial chemicals Key discovery: Transformation discovered in bacteria Scientific significance? - correct answer helped form the basis of molecular genetics Key discovery: Discovery of a three-base code in T4 bacteriophage Scientific significance? - correct answer all forms of life use this principle to mediate protein syntheis Key discovery: Lac region of E.coli was transported into another organism Scientific significance? - correct answer realized chromosomes can be redesigned and genes moved Key discovery: Identification of Thermus aquaticus Scientific significance? - correct answer isolation of a heat stable polymerase, which is now used for PCR Griffith discovers transformation and launches the field of molecular genetics: - correct answer Griffith was the first to show that bacteria can shuttle 'information' between cells in a process he called 'transformation' Key discovery: Lac region of E.coli was transported into another organism Scientific significance? - correct answer Realized chromosomes can be redesigned and genes moved Key discovery: Identification of Thermus aquatics Scientific significance? - correct answer Isolation of a heat stable polymerase which is now used for PCR TRUE OR FALSE: the influenza pandemic of had killed more people than WWI, at somewhere between 20 to 40 million people, and left both medical and scientific professionals at odds as to its cause. - correct answer True In the late 1920's Frederick Griffith was studying the possibility of creating a vaccine for __________________ caused by what? - correct answer -pneumonia -S. pneumoniae Griffith used two strains of S. pneumoniae to infect mice - a type III-S smooth strain which was ______________, and a type II-R rough strain which was _______________. - correct answer Virulent, nonvirulent Smooth vs rough strain? - correct answer Smooth — presence of a protective capsule layer on the bacterium Rough — absence of a protective capsule layer on the bacteri