NBME CBSE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
Type II pneumocytes - ANSWER>>surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - ANSWER>>Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - ANSWER>>Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - ANSWER>>Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - ANSWER>>Squamous gas diffusion
,Elastase in lungs - ANSWER>>macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - ANSWER>>Lysine
interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - ANSWER>>Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - ANSWER>>Exhale of
Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - ANSWER>>LHF, pulmonary
edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - ANSWER>>emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - ANSWER>>DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) -
ANSWER>>pulmonary = systemic
,Anatomic pulmonary shunting - ANSWER>>Bronchial
circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - ANSWER>>BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - ANSWER>>basic, cold, low 2,3
BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - ANSWER>>low pH, high
2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - ANSWER>>*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - ANSWER>>carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - ANSWER>>lactic acidosis
, How to treat cyanide poisoning - ANSWER>>*Amyl nitrite* -->
Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - ANSWER>>5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - ANSWER>>*Diffusion impairment*
(fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - ANSWER>>ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - ANSWER>>PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - ANSWER>>BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - ANSWER>>10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
Type II pneumocytes - ANSWER>>surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - ANSWER>>Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - ANSWER>>Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - ANSWER>>Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - ANSWER>>Squamous gas diffusion
,Elastase in lungs - ANSWER>>macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - ANSWER>>Lysine
interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - ANSWER>>Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - ANSWER>>Exhale of
Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - ANSWER>>LHF, pulmonary
edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - ANSWER>>emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - ANSWER>>DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) -
ANSWER>>pulmonary = systemic
,Anatomic pulmonary shunting - ANSWER>>Bronchial
circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - ANSWER>>BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - ANSWER>>basic, cold, low 2,3
BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - ANSWER>>low pH, high
2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - ANSWER>>*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - ANSWER>>carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - ANSWER>>lactic acidosis
, How to treat cyanide poisoning - ANSWER>>*Amyl nitrite* -->
Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - ANSWER>>5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - ANSWER>>*Diffusion impairment*
(fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - ANSWER>>ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - ANSWER>>PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - ANSWER>>BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - ANSWER>>10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
