NU141- Chapter 36 Adrenocortical
Agents TEST QUESTIONS AND WELL
DETAILLED ANSWERS
Adrenal cortex - ANSWER>>outer layer of the adrenal gland; produces
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in response to adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) stimulation; also responds to sympathetic stimulation
Adrenal medulla - ANSWER>>inner layer of the adrenal gland; a sympathetic
ganglion, it releases norepinephrine and epinephrine into circulation in response
to sympathetic stimulation
Corticosteroids - ANSWER>>steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex;
include androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids
Diurnal rhythm - ANSWER>>response of the hypothalamus and then the pituitary
and adrenals to wakefulness and sleeping; normally, the hypothalamus begins
secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the evening, peaking at about
midnight; adrenocortical peak response is between 6 and 9 am; levels fall during
the day until evening, when the low level is picked up by the hypothalamus and
CRF secretion begins again
Glucocorticoids - ANSWER>>steroid hormones released from the adrenal cortex;
they increase blood glucose levels, fat deposits, and protein breakdown for
energy
Mineralocorticoids - ANSWER>>steroid hormones released by the adrenal cortex;
they cause sodium and water retention and potassium excretion
,Adrenocortical agents are widely used
a. to cure chronic inflammatory disorders.
b. for short-term treatment to relieve inflammation.
c. for long-term treatment of chronic disorders.
d. to relieve minor aches and pains and to make people feel better. - ANSWER>>b.
for short-term treatment to relieve inflammation
If a nurse was asked to explain the adrenal medulla to a patient, it would be
appropriate for him or her to tell that patient that it
a. is the outer core of the adrenal gland.
b. is the site of production of aldosterone and corticosteroids.
c. is actually a neural ganglion of the SNS.
d. consists of three layers of cells that produce different hormones. - ANSWER>>c.
is actually a neural ganglion of the SNS.
Glucocorticoids are hormones that
a. are released in response to high glucose levels.
b. help regulate electrolyte levels.
c. help regulate water balance in the body.
d. promote the preservation of energy through increased glucose levels, protein
breakdown, and fat formation. - ANSWER>>d. promote the preservation of
energy through increased glucose levels, protein breakdown, and fat formation.
Diurnal rhythm in a person with a regular sleep cycle would show
a. high levels of ACTH during the night while sleeping.
b. rising levels of corticosteroids throughout the day.
c. peak levels of ACTH and corticosteroids early in the morning.
d. hypothalamic stimulation to release CRH around noon. - ANSWER>>c. peak
levels of ACTH and corticosteroids early in the morning.
Patients who have been receiving corticosteroid therapy for a prolonged period
and suddenly stop the drug will experience an adrenal crisis because their adrenal
, glands will not be producing any adrenal hormones. Your assessment of a patient
for the possibility of adrenal crisis may include
a. physiological exhaustion, shock, and fluid shift.
b. acne development and hypertension.
c. water retention and increased speed of healing.
d. hyperglycemia and water retention. - ANSWER>>a. physiological exhaustion,
shock, and fluid shift.
A patient is started on a regimen of prednisone because of a crisis in her
ulcerative colitis. Nursing care of this patient would need to include
a. immunizations to prevent infections.
b. increased calories to deal with metabolic changes.
c. fluid restriction to decrease water retention.
d. administration of the drug around 8 or 9 am to mimic normal diurnal rhythm. -
ANSWER>>d. administration of the drug around 8 or 9 am to mimic normal
diurnal rhythm.
A patient who is taking corticosteroids is at increased risk for infection and should
a. be protected from exposure to infections and invasive procedures.
b. take antiinflammatory agents regularly throughout the day.
c. receive live virus vaccine to protect him or her from infection.
d. be at no risk if elective surgery is needed. - ANSWER>>a. be protected from
exposure to infections and invasive procedures.
Mineralocorticoids are used to maintain electrolyte balance in situations of
adrenal insufficiency. Mineralocorticoids
a. are usually given alone.
b. can be given only IV.
c. are always given in conjunction with appropriate glucocorticoids.
d. are separate in their function from the glucocorticoids. - ANSWER>>c. are
always given in conjunction with appropriate glucocorticoids.
Agents TEST QUESTIONS AND WELL
DETAILLED ANSWERS
Adrenal cortex - ANSWER>>outer layer of the adrenal gland; produces
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in response to adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) stimulation; also responds to sympathetic stimulation
Adrenal medulla - ANSWER>>inner layer of the adrenal gland; a sympathetic
ganglion, it releases norepinephrine and epinephrine into circulation in response
to sympathetic stimulation
Corticosteroids - ANSWER>>steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex;
include androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids
Diurnal rhythm - ANSWER>>response of the hypothalamus and then the pituitary
and adrenals to wakefulness and sleeping; normally, the hypothalamus begins
secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the evening, peaking at about
midnight; adrenocortical peak response is between 6 and 9 am; levels fall during
the day until evening, when the low level is picked up by the hypothalamus and
CRF secretion begins again
Glucocorticoids - ANSWER>>steroid hormones released from the adrenal cortex;
they increase blood glucose levels, fat deposits, and protein breakdown for
energy
Mineralocorticoids - ANSWER>>steroid hormones released by the adrenal cortex;
they cause sodium and water retention and potassium excretion
,Adrenocortical agents are widely used
a. to cure chronic inflammatory disorders.
b. for short-term treatment to relieve inflammation.
c. for long-term treatment of chronic disorders.
d. to relieve minor aches and pains and to make people feel better. - ANSWER>>b.
for short-term treatment to relieve inflammation
If a nurse was asked to explain the adrenal medulla to a patient, it would be
appropriate for him or her to tell that patient that it
a. is the outer core of the adrenal gland.
b. is the site of production of aldosterone and corticosteroids.
c. is actually a neural ganglion of the SNS.
d. consists of three layers of cells that produce different hormones. - ANSWER>>c.
is actually a neural ganglion of the SNS.
Glucocorticoids are hormones that
a. are released in response to high glucose levels.
b. help regulate electrolyte levels.
c. help regulate water balance in the body.
d. promote the preservation of energy through increased glucose levels, protein
breakdown, and fat formation. - ANSWER>>d. promote the preservation of
energy through increased glucose levels, protein breakdown, and fat formation.
Diurnal rhythm in a person with a regular sleep cycle would show
a. high levels of ACTH during the night while sleeping.
b. rising levels of corticosteroids throughout the day.
c. peak levels of ACTH and corticosteroids early in the morning.
d. hypothalamic stimulation to release CRH around noon. - ANSWER>>c. peak
levels of ACTH and corticosteroids early in the morning.
Patients who have been receiving corticosteroid therapy for a prolonged period
and suddenly stop the drug will experience an adrenal crisis because their adrenal
, glands will not be producing any adrenal hormones. Your assessment of a patient
for the possibility of adrenal crisis may include
a. physiological exhaustion, shock, and fluid shift.
b. acne development and hypertension.
c. water retention and increased speed of healing.
d. hyperglycemia and water retention. - ANSWER>>a. physiological exhaustion,
shock, and fluid shift.
A patient is started on a regimen of prednisone because of a crisis in her
ulcerative colitis. Nursing care of this patient would need to include
a. immunizations to prevent infections.
b. increased calories to deal with metabolic changes.
c. fluid restriction to decrease water retention.
d. administration of the drug around 8 or 9 am to mimic normal diurnal rhythm. -
ANSWER>>d. administration of the drug around 8 or 9 am to mimic normal
diurnal rhythm.
A patient who is taking corticosteroids is at increased risk for infection and should
a. be protected from exposure to infections and invasive procedures.
b. take antiinflammatory agents regularly throughout the day.
c. receive live virus vaccine to protect him or her from infection.
d. be at no risk if elective surgery is needed. - ANSWER>>a. be protected from
exposure to infections and invasive procedures.
Mineralocorticoids are used to maintain electrolyte balance in situations of
adrenal insufficiency. Mineralocorticoids
a. are usually given alone.
b. can be given only IV.
c. are always given in conjunction with appropriate glucocorticoids.
d. are separate in their function from the glucocorticoids. - ANSWER>>c. are
always given in conjunction with appropriate glucocorticoids.
