PJM Generator Operator ACE 100%
Verified
Area Control Error (ACE) - ANSWER A measure of the imbalance between sources of
power and uses of power within the PJM RTO. The instantaneous difference between a
Balancing Authority's net actual and scheduled interchange, taking into account the
effects of Frequency Bias, correction for meter error, and Automatic Time Error
Correction (ATEC), if operating in the ATEC mode.
The sign convention for power flow used at PJM is _________ for power flow into PJM;
the NERC sign convention is power flow into a balancing area is ________. - ANSWER
Positive; Negative
Flat Tie Line Control - ANSWER Utilizes only interconnection tie line flow as the
controlling parameter; only responds to net tie flow deviations; limited to special
circumstances when PJM Balancing Area desires to maintain a given net interchange
flow and frequency is stabled and being controlled by other Balancing Areas
Tie Line Bias Control - ANSWER Responds to both frequency and net tie line flow
deviations
There are three modes of ACE Control available to PJM dispatcher for the operation of
the PJM RTO. - ANSWER Flat Frequency Control; Flat Tie Line Control; Tie Line Bias
Control
Flat Frequency Control - ANSWER Utilizes only power system frequency as the
controlling parameter; only responds to frequency deviations and does not adjust
operations for any interconnection tie line schedule deviations; only applicable when
PJM Balancing area becomes isolated from the Easter Interconnection
The frequency bias factor for the PJM RTO is set by Interconnection Agreement that is
at least 1% of the yearly peak value and accomplishes: - ANSWER -compensates for
automatic governor action so ACE does not "undo" changes in generator output due to
frequency fluctuations; compensates for any lack of PJM governor response by
calculating an ACE that produces the PJM RTO's agreed upon share of frequency
support to the Easter Interconnection
Verified
Area Control Error (ACE) - ANSWER A measure of the imbalance between sources of
power and uses of power within the PJM RTO. The instantaneous difference between a
Balancing Authority's net actual and scheduled interchange, taking into account the
effects of Frequency Bias, correction for meter error, and Automatic Time Error
Correction (ATEC), if operating in the ATEC mode.
The sign convention for power flow used at PJM is _________ for power flow into PJM;
the NERC sign convention is power flow into a balancing area is ________. - ANSWER
Positive; Negative
Flat Tie Line Control - ANSWER Utilizes only interconnection tie line flow as the
controlling parameter; only responds to net tie flow deviations; limited to special
circumstances when PJM Balancing Area desires to maintain a given net interchange
flow and frequency is stabled and being controlled by other Balancing Areas
Tie Line Bias Control - ANSWER Responds to both frequency and net tie line flow
deviations
There are three modes of ACE Control available to PJM dispatcher for the operation of
the PJM RTO. - ANSWER Flat Frequency Control; Flat Tie Line Control; Tie Line Bias
Control
Flat Frequency Control - ANSWER Utilizes only power system frequency as the
controlling parameter; only responds to frequency deviations and does not adjust
operations for any interconnection tie line schedule deviations; only applicable when
PJM Balancing area becomes isolated from the Easter Interconnection
The frequency bias factor for the PJM RTO is set by Interconnection Agreement that is
at least 1% of the yearly peak value and accomplishes: - ANSWER -compensates for
automatic governor action so ACE does not "undo" changes in generator output due to
frequency fluctuations; compensates for any lack of PJM governor response by
calculating an ACE that produces the PJM RTO's agreed upon share of frequency
support to the Easter Interconnection
