ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-
UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in - CORRECT ANSWER - mRNA
RNA polymerase makes - CORRECT ANSWER - mRNA
mRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - makes proteins
RNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER - binds to DNA
Transcription factors (TFs) - CORRECT ANSWER - A regulatory protein that binds to
DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or repress expression of
genes
Termination of transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA polymerase reaches a
terminator sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
Translation - CORRECT ANSWER - Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
produced. Protein assembly
Translation takes place in the - CORRECT ANSWER - cytoplasm
Codon - CORRECT ANSWER - A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or
RNA that provides genetic code information for a amino acid
,Amino acids are - CORRECT ANSWER - building blocks of proteins
tRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between
nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the
appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow - CORRECT ANSWER - for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER - the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs - CORRECT ANSWER - during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) determine - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of protein product
made
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous
base
Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that
affects genetic information
germline mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
somatic mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - A mutation that occurs in the body cells from
spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
causes of mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - • Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
,•Spontaneous
silent mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - alters a base but does not change the amino acid
DNA is - CORRECT ANSWER - master blueprint for human being
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER - the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
contain the genes
23 pairs of - CORRECT ANSWER - chromosomes
Allele - CORRECT ANSWER - variant of a gene
A cell holds how many alleles of each gene? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2, one from mom
and one from dad
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Affected by environment
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic makeup of an organism
locus - CORRECT ANSWER - Location of a gene on a chromosome
, Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that has two identical alleles for a
trait
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that has two different alleles for a
trait
Recessive - CORRECT ANSWER - trait of an organism that can be masked by the
dominant form of a trait
Dominant - CORRECT ANSWER - An allele that is always expressed
Carrier - CORRECT ANSWER - A person whose genotype includes a gene with disease
that is not expressed in the phenotype.
Expresstivity - CORRECT ANSWER - the degree to which a particular genotype is
expressed in the phenotype
Spontaneous mutations are - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation that occurs within the body
cells and NOT the germline cells, caused by errors in DNA
Mutagen - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical or physical agents in the environment that
increases frequency of mutations
Radiation is an example of what: - CORRECT ANSWER - a mutagen
Anticipation - CORRECT ANSWER - signs and symptoms of genetic condition tend to
become more severe and appear at an earlier age as the disorder is passed from generation to
generation
Huntington's disease is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER - A disease affected by
anticipation
UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in - CORRECT ANSWER - mRNA
RNA polymerase makes - CORRECT ANSWER - mRNA
mRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - makes proteins
RNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER - binds to DNA
Transcription factors (TFs) - CORRECT ANSWER - A regulatory protein that binds to
DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or repress expression of
genes
Termination of transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA polymerase reaches a
terminator sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
Translation - CORRECT ANSWER - Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
produced. Protein assembly
Translation takes place in the - CORRECT ANSWER - cytoplasm
Codon - CORRECT ANSWER - A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or
RNA that provides genetic code information for a amino acid
,Amino acids are - CORRECT ANSWER - building blocks of proteins
tRNA - CORRECT ANSWER - An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between
nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the
appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow - CORRECT ANSWER - for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER - the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs - CORRECT ANSWER - during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) determine - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of protein product
made
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous
base
Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that
affects genetic information
germline mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
somatic mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - A mutation that occurs in the body cells from
spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
causes of mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - • Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
,•Spontaneous
silent mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - alters a base but does not change the amino acid
DNA is - CORRECT ANSWER - master blueprint for human being
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER - the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
contain the genes
23 pairs of - CORRECT ANSWER - chromosomes
Allele - CORRECT ANSWER - variant of a gene
A cell holds how many alleles of each gene? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2, one from mom
and one from dad
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Affected by environment
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic makeup of an organism
locus - CORRECT ANSWER - Location of a gene on a chromosome
, Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that has two identical alleles for a
trait
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that has two different alleles for a
trait
Recessive - CORRECT ANSWER - trait of an organism that can be masked by the
dominant form of a trait
Dominant - CORRECT ANSWER - An allele that is always expressed
Carrier - CORRECT ANSWER - A person whose genotype includes a gene with disease
that is not expressed in the phenotype.
Expresstivity - CORRECT ANSWER - the degree to which a particular genotype is
expressed in the phenotype
Spontaneous mutations are - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation that occurs within the body
cells and NOT the germline cells, caused by errors in DNA
Mutagen - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical or physical agents in the environment that
increases frequency of mutations
Radiation is an example of what: - CORRECT ANSWER - a mutagen
Anticipation - CORRECT ANSWER - signs and symptoms of genetic condition tend to
become more severe and appear at an earlier age as the disorder is passed from generation to
generation
Huntington's disease is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER - A disease affected by
anticipation
