©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NMTCB PET EXAM REVIEW Exam Study
Guide.
Mixed Attentuation - Answer✔Malignant Pulmonary Nodules on CT are characterized by:
Reed-Sternberg Cells - Answer✔Hodkin's Lymphoma is separated from other Lymphomas by
the presence of:
Acetylecholinestrearse Inhibitors
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists - Answer✔Two types of Alzheimer's mediciation:
Left Subclavian Vein - Answer✔Lymphatic Drainage for most of the body is via:
Erythropoietin - Answer✔Hormone made in kidney's that signals the bone marrow to make more
RBCs:
Renal Cancer - Answer✔Affects woman >65
Renal Cell carcinomas mostly
Wilm's Tumor (pediatric)
covered under guidlines
Pancreatic Cancer - Answer✔Most begins in ducts
Spreads to peritoneum, liver, lungs
Imaging neck to pelvis
Covered under CMS NCD
Portal Vein and Hepatic Artery - Answer✔The Liver primarily receives blood from:
Gastric Cancer - Answer✔Men >65
Cardia, fundus, corpus, antrum, pylorus
Imaging Neck to Lower Pelvis
Five layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, subserosa, serosa
Cells of Cajal - Answer✔Pacemaker of GI Tract
1|Page
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Staging, Restaging, Monitoring response to theraphy - Answer✔Breast Cancer CMS coverage
Initial or Subsequent treatment strategy - Answer✔Lung Cancer CMS coverage
Non-Small Cell
-More Common
-Spreads slowly
-Bone, Liver, Brain, Adrenal Glands
Small Cell
-Rapid Growth - Answer✔Two major types of Lung Cancer:
Esophageal Cancer - Answer✔Affects men more than women
>65 years
Squamous cell and mucinoid
Neck to pelvis imaging
Esophageal Cancer coverage - Answer✔Initial Treatment, restaging, response to therapy,
recurrance
Thalamus - Answer✔Brain structure described as "sensory relay"
Lipophilicity - Answer✔Physiochemical property of a PET tracer that decides it's ability to enter
the brain and label the target receptor or enzyme:
F-18 Flurpiridaz - Answer✔Binds to mitochondrial complex 1
Used for myocardial perfusion imaging
Nucleophillic Substitution and Purification
Performed similar to Tc-99m Rest/Stress
Negatrons and Positrons - Answer✔Beta particles are electrons that contain _____________ and
____________.
Electron Capture or Positron decay - Answer✔Proton rich nuclei decay either by
_____________ or ______________ .
1/3
ex: F-18 Max = 635 KeV Mean = 210 KeV - Answer✔Mean energy of an ejected positron is
about ___________ of the max energy.
Decrease Resolution - Answer✔Longer range of travel for a positron before annihilation will
___________ resolution.
2|Page
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Positron emitted from atom w/ high kin. energy
Slows, combines w/ electron
Forms postironium briefly, spin
Mass is converted to energy, release two 511 KeV photons - Answer✔Annihilation Reaction
2 mm
0.25 degree deviation - Answer✔Non-colinearity results in blurring effect on clinical PET
scanners of approximately _____ mm and angle of _____ deviation from 180.
Gas-Filled
Anode and Cathode
Operates at Low Voltage - Answer✔Ionization chamber is a ____________ detector w/ a
______________ and ______________ .
National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST) - Answer✔Ionization chamber is
calibrated annually using a _____________
source so that exposure rate a given distance is known.
Geiger-Muller - Answer✔Gas-Filled (noble gases)
High Voltage
Secondary Ionization ---> Townsend Avalanche = high sensitivity
Sinogram - Answer✔A 2D projection space representation of a transaxial image
X-axis sinogram - Answer✔Represents shift on LOR from the center of the gantry
Y-axis sinogram - Answer✔Represents projection angle of LOR
Ring Artifact - Answer✔CT artifact caused by a faulty detector
Produces ring or concentric circles on CT image
Photoelectric Effect - Answer✔Electrons are emitted from matter
Absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation of a very short wavelength
Pair Production - Answer✔2 electrons
One -, one +, from a pulse of electromagnetic energy traveling through matter
Opacity - Answer✔Any area that preferentially attenuates x-rays
Appears more opaque than surrounding area
Ligand - Answer✔An ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination
complex
3|Page
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Isomeric transition - Answer✔Nucleus of metastable isotope has an elevated energy state and
releases energy via gamma ray
Internal Conversion - Answer✔Higher to Lower Energy w/o accompanying photon
Transition of energy w/i a molecule or atom
Filament - Answer✔Structure on Cathode of Xray tube where electron beam is released
Electron Capture - Answer✔Unstable to Stable atoms
Inner shell e- to nucleus
combines w/proton
creates neutron and neutrino
neutrino ejected
Bremsstrahlung - Answer✔Braking Radiation
Radiation emitted when electrons are decelerated or braked
80-90% of all xrays
Beta Particle - Answer✔High speed particle identical to an electron, emitted from nucleus
Average variance - Answer✔Square sum of the differences of the relative crystal efficiencies
between two scans
ex: daily blank sino vs reference blank sino
Alpha Particle - Answer✔Emitted from nucleus
2 protons and 2 neutrons
Helium Atom
24.8 mSv
PET w/ 10 mCi = 7 mSv
Diagnostic CT w/ Contrast = 17.6 mSv
Topogram = .2 mSv - Answer✔Radiation Dose of Diagnostic PET/CT
8.5 mSv
Pet w/ 10 mCi = 7 mSv
Low-Dose CT = 1.3 mSv
Topogram = 0.2 mSv - Answer✔Radiation Dose of Normal PET/CT
4|Page
NMTCB PET EXAM REVIEW Exam Study
Guide.
Mixed Attentuation - Answer✔Malignant Pulmonary Nodules on CT are characterized by:
Reed-Sternberg Cells - Answer✔Hodkin's Lymphoma is separated from other Lymphomas by
the presence of:
Acetylecholinestrearse Inhibitors
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists - Answer✔Two types of Alzheimer's mediciation:
Left Subclavian Vein - Answer✔Lymphatic Drainage for most of the body is via:
Erythropoietin - Answer✔Hormone made in kidney's that signals the bone marrow to make more
RBCs:
Renal Cancer - Answer✔Affects woman >65
Renal Cell carcinomas mostly
Wilm's Tumor (pediatric)
covered under guidlines
Pancreatic Cancer - Answer✔Most begins in ducts
Spreads to peritoneum, liver, lungs
Imaging neck to pelvis
Covered under CMS NCD
Portal Vein and Hepatic Artery - Answer✔The Liver primarily receives blood from:
Gastric Cancer - Answer✔Men >65
Cardia, fundus, corpus, antrum, pylorus
Imaging Neck to Lower Pelvis
Five layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, subserosa, serosa
Cells of Cajal - Answer✔Pacemaker of GI Tract
1|Page
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Staging, Restaging, Monitoring response to theraphy - Answer✔Breast Cancer CMS coverage
Initial or Subsequent treatment strategy - Answer✔Lung Cancer CMS coverage
Non-Small Cell
-More Common
-Spreads slowly
-Bone, Liver, Brain, Adrenal Glands
Small Cell
-Rapid Growth - Answer✔Two major types of Lung Cancer:
Esophageal Cancer - Answer✔Affects men more than women
>65 years
Squamous cell and mucinoid
Neck to pelvis imaging
Esophageal Cancer coverage - Answer✔Initial Treatment, restaging, response to therapy,
recurrance
Thalamus - Answer✔Brain structure described as "sensory relay"
Lipophilicity - Answer✔Physiochemical property of a PET tracer that decides it's ability to enter
the brain and label the target receptor or enzyme:
F-18 Flurpiridaz - Answer✔Binds to mitochondrial complex 1
Used for myocardial perfusion imaging
Nucleophillic Substitution and Purification
Performed similar to Tc-99m Rest/Stress
Negatrons and Positrons - Answer✔Beta particles are electrons that contain _____________ and
____________.
Electron Capture or Positron decay - Answer✔Proton rich nuclei decay either by
_____________ or ______________ .
1/3
ex: F-18 Max = 635 KeV Mean = 210 KeV - Answer✔Mean energy of an ejected positron is
about ___________ of the max energy.
Decrease Resolution - Answer✔Longer range of travel for a positron before annihilation will
___________ resolution.
2|Page
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Positron emitted from atom w/ high kin. energy
Slows, combines w/ electron
Forms postironium briefly, spin
Mass is converted to energy, release two 511 KeV photons - Answer✔Annihilation Reaction
2 mm
0.25 degree deviation - Answer✔Non-colinearity results in blurring effect on clinical PET
scanners of approximately _____ mm and angle of _____ deviation from 180.
Gas-Filled
Anode and Cathode
Operates at Low Voltage - Answer✔Ionization chamber is a ____________ detector w/ a
______________ and ______________ .
National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST) - Answer✔Ionization chamber is
calibrated annually using a _____________
source so that exposure rate a given distance is known.
Geiger-Muller - Answer✔Gas-Filled (noble gases)
High Voltage
Secondary Ionization ---> Townsend Avalanche = high sensitivity
Sinogram - Answer✔A 2D projection space representation of a transaxial image
X-axis sinogram - Answer✔Represents shift on LOR from the center of the gantry
Y-axis sinogram - Answer✔Represents projection angle of LOR
Ring Artifact - Answer✔CT artifact caused by a faulty detector
Produces ring or concentric circles on CT image
Photoelectric Effect - Answer✔Electrons are emitted from matter
Absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation of a very short wavelength
Pair Production - Answer✔2 electrons
One -, one +, from a pulse of electromagnetic energy traveling through matter
Opacity - Answer✔Any area that preferentially attenuates x-rays
Appears more opaque than surrounding area
Ligand - Answer✔An ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination
complex
3|Page
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Isomeric transition - Answer✔Nucleus of metastable isotope has an elevated energy state and
releases energy via gamma ray
Internal Conversion - Answer✔Higher to Lower Energy w/o accompanying photon
Transition of energy w/i a molecule or atom
Filament - Answer✔Structure on Cathode of Xray tube where electron beam is released
Electron Capture - Answer✔Unstable to Stable atoms
Inner shell e- to nucleus
combines w/proton
creates neutron and neutrino
neutrino ejected
Bremsstrahlung - Answer✔Braking Radiation
Radiation emitted when electrons are decelerated or braked
80-90% of all xrays
Beta Particle - Answer✔High speed particle identical to an electron, emitted from nucleus
Average variance - Answer✔Square sum of the differences of the relative crystal efficiencies
between two scans
ex: daily blank sino vs reference blank sino
Alpha Particle - Answer✔Emitted from nucleus
2 protons and 2 neutrons
Helium Atom
24.8 mSv
PET w/ 10 mCi = 7 mSv
Diagnostic CT w/ Contrast = 17.6 mSv
Topogram = .2 mSv - Answer✔Radiation Dose of Diagnostic PET/CT
8.5 mSv
Pet w/ 10 mCi = 7 mSv
Low-Dose CT = 1.3 mSv
Topogram = 0.2 mSv - Answer✔Radiation Dose of Normal PET/CT
4|Page
