NAPSRx Final Exam Solution 2024/2025 Correct Answers | Rated A+

NAPSRx Final Exam Solution 2024/2025 Correct Answers | Rated A+ Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product true Pharmaceutical deveoplment is a big-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing true Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan The U.S. accounts for about ____ of the world's pharmaceutical revenues 50% Which off the following has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry population growth and increased life expectancies According to your manual, which statement accurately describes the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities partnerships between pharmaceuitcal companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable prescription drug therapy is not cost-effective for insurance companies and healthcare providers false the high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines false one of the oldest and least efffective pharmaceutical marjeting techniques is DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising false what influences the number of districts in a region the region's population what is an example of the regionalization off healthcare delivery systems California and Florida have difffernet perscription reimbursment policies the heart of pharmaceutical sales is the regional manager false most DMs did not start as representatives false how many territories are in a typical district 8 to 12 what is the most effective method for grabbing market share comparative selling pharmaceutical reps mainly visit pharmacies false it usually only takes 1-2 calls to a physician before he or she commits to prescribing your product false the pharmacist may dispense a product other than what the physician prescribed true according to chapter 12 of your manual, which of the following would classify as "payers" employers according to your manual, what defines "ethical pharmaceutical companies researching and developing novel drugs one of the most diappointing results of the pharmaceutical industry's continued investment in R & D is the few new drugs being approved and in development false thanks to modern medicines, how long are people newly diagnosed with HIV expected to live another 50 years how much has the average american lifespan increased since 1890 almost 30 years what is a treatment group A group of patients assigned to receive a specified treatment what is the main difference between a blinded and double-blinded study in a double blinded study, neither the study staff nor the study participants know which subjects are in the experimental group and which are in the control what does "asymptomatic" mean not exhibiting signs or symptoms what term denotes the study of bodily functions (as opposed to structures) physiology In its broadest definition, a drug is any substance that produces a physical or psychological change in the body true how does the federal food, drug and cosmetic act (FFDCA) define a drug any substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention off disease, or a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body which statement about vitamins is correct most of the bodys required vitamins must be taken in from outside the body ADME testing measures the rate at which the body absorbs the drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect, metabolizes it into waste material and then excretes it from the body. true ADME testing is primarily used in what field Pharmacokinetics which statement about placebos is correct Placebo effects can lead to withdrawal symptoms. on average, only about 5 off 4,000 drugs studied in the labratory are eventually studied in people true which statement is true about drugs taken sublingually sublingual drugs are absorbed directly and almost immediately into the bloodstream what are 3 off the 7 rights of drug administration the right patient, rigt drug, and right dose pro-drugs are administered in an active form, which is metabolized into an inactive form false the kidney of an 85-year-old persion excretes drugs only ____ as efficiently as that of a 35-year-old person around 50% the normal age-related decrease in kidney function cem help doctors determine an appropiate dosage based soley on a person's age true what differentiates a caplet from a tablet caplets are shaped like capsules and have film coatings to aid in scallowing what will you find the legend "Caution: federal law prohibits dispensing wihtout a prescription on the label of all prescription drugs what happens to slow acetylators Drugs that are metabolized by N-acetyl transferase tend to reach higher blood levels and remain in the body longer. About ___ of the people in the U.S. are "slow acetylators" 50% which of the following statements about drug-drug interactions is incorrect drug-drug interactions are always harmful Smoking decreases the effectiveness of some drugs true which of the following statements about dietary supplements is incorrect because dietary supplements are not drugs, interactions with drugs are not a concern which statement/s is/are incorrect about an ideal drug, or "magic bullet" as Ehrlich phrased it it does not exist, it would be aimed percisely at a disease site, it would not harm healthy tissues which statement accurately differentiates resistance from tolerance tolerance refers to a person's diminished response to a drug after repeated use, while resistance applies to microorganisms' or "cancel" cells' abilities to withstand drug effects between 3% and 7% of hospital admissions in the United States are estimated to be for treatment of adverse drug reactoins true which statement is true about the universal scale for quantiffying the severity of an adverse drug reaction there is no scale why is noncomplience a serios public healthy concern it increases the cost of medical care which of the following is NOT eligible for patent protection under U.S. regulations companies can be granted patents for all these things drugs' trade names are often unrelated to their intended use true Like foods and household products, generic drugs are usually lower quality than the brand name drugs for which they are marketed as equivalents. false Legally, bioequivalence of different versions of a drug can vary by up to ________. 20% which of the following statements about biologics is incorrect they do not cause immune response "large molecules" products are developed and manuffactured by a chemical process false what are drugs that attract or bind to cell receptors in order to mimic or enhance activities by endogenous chemical messengers agonists Which term denotes how an API works in the body? mechanism of action What cements the active and inert components together to maintain cohesive portions? binders what does the medical abbreviation "BID" denote twice a day what is the medical abbreviation for "as needed" PRN what components might cause patients' different reactions to brand name and generic drugs differences in inactive ingredients all cells have a nucleus false which of the following does not affect drig response the patients' genetic makeup, age, body size, and use of other drugs and dietary supplements, the patient's other conditions or diseases, whether or not the patient takes the drug properly drug reactions are predictable becasue they do not occur after a person has been previously exposed to the drug one or more times without any allergic reactions false what is the typical relationship between a drug's site of administration and site of action they are usually somewhat removed from each other what is CMAX Peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve which of the following is not a main concept in clinical pharmacology pharmacoprocesses which of the following is not a route of drug administration transfugal How are intradermal drugs delivered? by injection under the skin what is an example of intravenous drug delivery an injection of anesthetic directly into the bloodstream what are the major organs of the gastrointestinal system the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine who is normally responsible for selling to distributors NAMs How often do secondary drug wholesale distributors buy their drugs directly from manufactures? sometimes By FDA law, large chain pharmacies are not allowed to buy directly from drug manufactures. false Only 3 companies account for nearly 90% of all drug wholesale sales. true what type of sale bypasses the need for intermediary distributors manufacturer- direct sales what is a group purchasing organization (GPO) an entity consisting of two or more hospitals or other health care entities that negotiates contracts on behalf of its members Prescriptions dispensed by mail-order pharmacies are, on average, around ____________ than those dispensed by retail pharmacies. 3 times larger which of the following is not a type of non-stock sale brokerage sales, dock-to-dock sales, drop shipments what is another term for rebates after-market arrangements the PDMA is the presciption drug manufacturers association false a company that owns and operates three or fewer pharmacies is an independent drug store which section of a drug's package insert infformation covers the usual dosage range indications and usage Drug labels must include indications and usage information, as well as contraindications. true what should be included in the "description" section off a drug's package insert information the drug's proprietary name and the established name Exclusivity gives exclusive _____, is granted by the FDA, and can run concurrently with a patent or not. marketing rights what differentiates exclusivity from a patent Exclusivity is only granted upon the drug's FDA approval. what is required of an invention for it to be worthy of patent protection it must be novel, useful, and not obvious a generic drug is ___ to the originator brand-name drug in dosage, strength, safety, and quality bioequivalent which of the following is not required by the FDA's Criteria for Equivalency the drugs contain identical amounts off the same inactive ingredients A generic drug is ____ to the originatory brand-name drug in dosage, strength, safety, and quality bioequivalent what list is generally considered the most reliable source of information on therapeutically equivalent drug products "approved drug products with therapeutic equivalence" which of the following is an Orange Book rating AA what is the term for chemical equivalents which, when administered in the same amounts, will provide the same biological or physiological availability as measured by blood and urine levels biological equivalents what term denotes a drug that is identical or bioequivalent to the originator brand-name drug in dosage form, safety, strength, route, quality, performance, characteristics, and intended use generic what term denotes the dispensing of an unbranded generic product for the product prescribed generic substitution CONTINUED...