NYSTCE CST 245 Arts and Science study guide 2024/2025 with ALL complete solution GUARANTEED GRADE A+

NYSTCE CST 245 Arts and Science study guide 2024/2025 with ALL complete solution GUARANTEED GRADE A+ Seasonal changes moon orbits earth once per month Yearly Changes earth orbits around the moon one time per year physical change A change in a substance that does not change its identity chemical change charastics change in state or phase transformation of energy examples Chemical Energy is converted to Electrical Energy (stove), Kinetic Energy (car), Electricity (power plant), and Mechanical Energy (space shuttle). Electricity is converted to light (light bulb) and sound and light (TV). effects of common forces accelerate in body is in motion if at rest conservation of energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes nation-state A country who's population share a common identity. nationalism Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality Fuedalism political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals where the lords let them rent land for a price resource A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use. cultural diffusion The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another Ecology The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment Six Elements of Geography 1. The World in Spatial Terms 2. Places and Regions 3. Physical Systems 4. Human Systems 5. Environment and Society 6. The Uses of Geography Scarcity Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants oppertunity cost cost of the loss of the next most desireable good or service that could have been produced with a recource Checks and Balances A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power democratic ruled by the people. In a democracy, citizens elect representatives to make and carry out laws. Authoritarian A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power. Due Process (law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles Federalism a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states seperation of powers dividing the powers of government among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches Declaration of Independence Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state. U.S. Constitution A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed. Major Civil Rights Legislation ended segregation consitution of the state of new york establishes the structure of the government of the State of New York, and enumerates the basic rights of the citizens of New York Rule of Law principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern Due Process fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement. Female Suffrage The right for women to vote. Became a popular idea in the 1900s. jim crow laws Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites Principles of Art Balance, emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm, unity, and variety string instruments violin, viola, cello, bass percussion instruments instruments that produce a sound when struck or shaken woodwind instruments flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon brass instruments trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba Electronic Instruments produce and amplify sound through electronic means pitch (music) how high or low a note is tempo (music) refers to the speed of a musical work manual dexterity (n) good at working with hands (khéo tay) call-and response songs an adult sings questions and children sing back the answers Ballads Song like poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure and romance work songs type of folk song used during work to regulate physical activity or engage worker's attention Folk songs a song that originates in traditional popular culture or that is written in such a style. pantomime Acting without words Locomotor Movement, motor skills, walking, hopping, skipping manipulative skills A set of skills in which one handles objects with the hands, feet or other body parts. altimeter uses airpressure to record height eg. height of a plane anemometer An instrument used to measure wind speed Angiosperms A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. which may mature to a fruit annuals Plants that die after one growing season aurora borealis a colorful, glowing display in the sky caused when particles from the sun strike oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the ionosphere; also called the Northern Lights bacillus Rod shaped bacteria Carcinogen A cancer-causing substance carcinoma a cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs. chinook wind A warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. Commensalism an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm. convection CONTINUED...