ati pharm review - capstone test, ATI
Capstone Pharmacology
Acetazolamide MOA Correct answers carbonic anhydrase
inhibitor
-decreases aqueous humor production through diuresis *through
kidneys*
what allergy is contraindicated with Acetazolamide? Correct answers sullfa-
based meds
what does acetazolamide treat? Correct answers chronic open-angle
glaucoma
- but also used in acute closed-angle glaucoma when delay of surgery is
desired intraocular
reduce to
pressure.
-an adjunct in treating edema from
CHF
-an adjunct in treating
epilepsy
-prevents and treats acute mountain
sickness.
What is Acute Mountain Sickness? Correct answers AMS - quick travel to
altitutes
above 8000 feet may produce
symptoms
*Physical distress from difficulty adjusting to lower oxygen pressure at
high altitude
*Symptom
s*
headaches, vomiting, tiredness, trouble sleeping, and
dizziness.
side effects of acetazolamide? Correct answers The most common adverse
effects
GI areand include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and
related
constipation
interactions with acetazolamide? Correct answers -
cyclosporine
-
-diflunisa
l-primidon
e
salicylate
s
Adeno*s*ine Correct answers
*s*lows HR
--> tx
*S*VT
Digoxin toxicity? Correct answers - vomiting is a common
-early sign diarrhea, abdominal
anorexia,
pain
- fatigue, muscle weakness,
drowsiness
,*Hypokalemia can increase Dig
toxicity*
Timolol Maleate (ophthalmic) Correct answers beta
blocker
*Acts to reduce intraocular
pressure*
treats *open-angle
glaucoma*
how do you give timolol? Correct answers Instill one drop of 0.25%
solution into
affected thetwice
eye(s)
daily
Timolol side effects Correct answers -Eye
irritation
-
Headache
-Signs of systemic
absorption
Timolol patient education? Correct answers -To
instill:
Lie down or tilt head backward and
look
-dropup solution inside lower lid, and make sure dropper does not come in
with eye or
finger
s.
Then release lid, keeping the eye open for at least 30 seconds, and apply
pressure
the insidetocorner of eye for at least one
minute
*Wait at least 5 minutes before instilling other* ophthalmic
preparations
-Avoid squinting or closing of eyes tightly after
instilling drops
-Do not discontinue therapy without first consulting
physician
-Store in a cool, dry place away from sunlight and
children
-If a dose is missed instill it as soon as possible. If it is closer to the time
of your
dose thannext
the dose your you missed, skip the missed dose and return to
schedul
your dosing
e
-Contact a physician if the side effects are severe or
persistent
critical side effects of timolol? Correct answers
Conjuctivitis
Decreased visual
acuity
Ocular
burning
Rash
Caution w/ beta blockers- systemic absorption may result in
additive adverse
cardiovascular effects, especially when used with other
cardiovascular agents
(antihypertensives and
antiarrhythmics) -
Possibility of bronchospasm or delirium for geriatric
patients
, pt education - timolol Correct answers - compliance with the drug
(never fills
perscription
s)
- Polypharmacy - if taking antihypertensives or
antiarrhythmics
Timopotic may adversely interact with Ramipril- Signs of bronchospasm
or delirium
- Vision loss, is she able to read the label or instructions
correctly?
Eyes might burn/may have blurred
vision
Possible inflammation and/or
rash
Use 1 drop of solution 1-2 times
daily
Medication will help relieve pressure in her affected eye for up to
24 hours
if taken with ACE inhibitor, can lead to hypotension and
dizziness
timolol contraindictations? Correct answers - If Miki develops any of the
adverse
of effects
this medication, it should be stopped
ASAP
- Interaction b/w Ramipril and
Timoptic
- History of bronchial asthma or severe COPD; sinus bradycardia; second
and third-
degree heart block; overt cardiac failure; cardiogenic shock;
hypersensitivity
what do you monitor while on timolol? Correct answers Monitor vision, BP,
and drainage
Administration - apply pressure after, instill eye drop in
conjunctival sac
Brimonidine Correct answers Brimonidine decreases production and may
also increase
outflow of aqueous humor to *lower
IOP*
Advise clients who wear soft contact
lenses
brimonidine should be administered with lenses
removed.
*instill the medication and waitat least 15 min before putting in
his contacts*
SE:
hypotension
transdermal nitro patch Correct answers -Place the patch on a hairless
area of back,
(chest, skin or abdomen) and rotate sites to. prevent skin
irritation.
Capstone Pharmacology
Acetazolamide MOA Correct answers carbonic anhydrase
inhibitor
-decreases aqueous humor production through diuresis *through
kidneys*
what allergy is contraindicated with Acetazolamide? Correct answers sullfa-
based meds
what does acetazolamide treat? Correct answers chronic open-angle
glaucoma
- but also used in acute closed-angle glaucoma when delay of surgery is
desired intraocular
reduce to
pressure.
-an adjunct in treating edema from
CHF
-an adjunct in treating
epilepsy
-prevents and treats acute mountain
sickness.
What is Acute Mountain Sickness? Correct answers AMS - quick travel to
altitutes
above 8000 feet may produce
symptoms
*Physical distress from difficulty adjusting to lower oxygen pressure at
high altitude
*Symptom
s*
headaches, vomiting, tiredness, trouble sleeping, and
dizziness.
side effects of acetazolamide? Correct answers The most common adverse
effects
GI areand include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and
related
constipation
interactions with acetazolamide? Correct answers -
cyclosporine
-
-diflunisa
l-primidon
e
salicylate
s
Adeno*s*ine Correct answers
*s*lows HR
--> tx
*S*VT
Digoxin toxicity? Correct answers - vomiting is a common
-early sign diarrhea, abdominal
anorexia,
pain
- fatigue, muscle weakness,
drowsiness
,*Hypokalemia can increase Dig
toxicity*
Timolol Maleate (ophthalmic) Correct answers beta
blocker
*Acts to reduce intraocular
pressure*
treats *open-angle
glaucoma*
how do you give timolol? Correct answers Instill one drop of 0.25%
solution into
affected thetwice
eye(s)
daily
Timolol side effects Correct answers -Eye
irritation
-
Headache
-Signs of systemic
absorption
Timolol patient education? Correct answers -To
instill:
Lie down or tilt head backward and
look
-dropup solution inside lower lid, and make sure dropper does not come in
with eye or
finger
s.
Then release lid, keeping the eye open for at least 30 seconds, and apply
pressure
the insidetocorner of eye for at least one
minute
*Wait at least 5 minutes before instilling other* ophthalmic
preparations
-Avoid squinting or closing of eyes tightly after
instilling drops
-Do not discontinue therapy without first consulting
physician
-Store in a cool, dry place away from sunlight and
children
-If a dose is missed instill it as soon as possible. If it is closer to the time
of your
dose thannext
the dose your you missed, skip the missed dose and return to
schedul
your dosing
e
-Contact a physician if the side effects are severe or
persistent
critical side effects of timolol? Correct answers
Conjuctivitis
Decreased visual
acuity
Ocular
burning
Rash
Caution w/ beta blockers- systemic absorption may result in
additive adverse
cardiovascular effects, especially when used with other
cardiovascular agents
(antihypertensives and
antiarrhythmics) -
Possibility of bronchospasm or delirium for geriatric
patients
, pt education - timolol Correct answers - compliance with the drug
(never fills
perscription
s)
- Polypharmacy - if taking antihypertensives or
antiarrhythmics
Timopotic may adversely interact with Ramipril- Signs of bronchospasm
or delirium
- Vision loss, is she able to read the label or instructions
correctly?
Eyes might burn/may have blurred
vision
Possible inflammation and/or
rash
Use 1 drop of solution 1-2 times
daily
Medication will help relieve pressure in her affected eye for up to
24 hours
if taken with ACE inhibitor, can lead to hypotension and
dizziness
timolol contraindictations? Correct answers - If Miki develops any of the
adverse
of effects
this medication, it should be stopped
ASAP
- Interaction b/w Ramipril and
Timoptic
- History of bronchial asthma or severe COPD; sinus bradycardia; second
and third-
degree heart block; overt cardiac failure; cardiogenic shock;
hypersensitivity
what do you monitor while on timolol? Correct answers Monitor vision, BP,
and drainage
Administration - apply pressure after, instill eye drop in
conjunctival sac
Brimonidine Correct answers Brimonidine decreases production and may
also increase
outflow of aqueous humor to *lower
IOP*
Advise clients who wear soft contact
lenses
brimonidine should be administered with lenses
removed.
*instill the medication and waitat least 15 min before putting in
his contacts*
SE:
hypotension
transdermal nitro patch Correct answers -Place the patch on a hairless
area of back,
(chest, skin or abdomen) and rotate sites to. prevent skin
irritation.
