1
Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following? - ANS Answer: XXY
ER
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the
H
fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this
condition? - ANS Answer: Tetraploidy
IG
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of
H
this disease is associated with: - ANS Answer: Delayed age of onset
G
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most
N
I
of the genetic information be contained? - ANS Answer: Nucleolus
Y
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
L
Which finding will support this diagnosis? - ANS Answer: Inability to convert
F
tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that
oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ANS Answer:
Plasma proteins
, 2
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for? - ANS Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a
genetic disease
R
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best
E
response? - ANS Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
H
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following
G
will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANS Answer: Anaerobic
I
glycolysis
Acites - ANS
GH is excess fluid in the space between the tissues lining the abdomen
and abdominal organs (the peritoneal cavity).
IN
acute glomerulonephritis - ANS (AGN): immune disease after strept infection.
Y
Decreases GFR=excessive acculmulation of water and retention of sodium, onset
L
appears after latent period of about 10 days. s/s: oliguria, edema, *hematuria
F
"tea-colored"* mild HTN, lethargy, proteinuria, loss of appetite. Rx: none, spontaneous
recovery, supportive-diet low in sodium, protein, K. Nursing: montor fluid, edema, rest
periods. AGN is an inflammatory disease of both kidneys that usually affects children
between the ages of 2 and 12. It is an inflammation of the glomeruli that typically follows
a streptococcal infection of the skin or throat, or an autoimmune condition. Kidney
, 3
symptoms usually begin two to three weeks after the initial infection. AGN is not
contagious.
Acute Kidney Injury - ANS abrupt loss of kidney function resulting in retention of
R
urea and nitrogen.
E
*Prerenal*=decrease renal blood flow s/s: hypotension, hypoperfusion
H
*Intrarenal*=injury to renal tissue d/t toxins/ischemia s/s: edema, glomerulonephritis
*Postrenal*=stop/slow urine flow down the urinary tract s/s: hx of obstruction, difficulty
G
voiding
I
*Oliguric/anuric*=less than 500ml UO in 24 hrs, diuretic phase 24hr UO more than
H
500ml and no longer rise in BUN/Cr, recovery phase months-year, scar tissue.
G
Rx: no nephrotoxic drugs( aminoglycosides, ACEI, NSAIDS, radiocontrast), give IVF if
dehydrated, hemodialysis
N
Complications: infection, arrhythmias (hyperkalemia) electrolyte imbalances, GI
I
bleeding, multiple organ system failure.
Y
Nursing: assess, montor I&O, daily weight, regulate protein intake, high carb diet,
L
restrict foods high in K, Phosphorus, Na
Addison's -
F ANS ___ symptoms:
brownish hyperpigmentation of skin
diarrhea, nausea
Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following? - ANS Answer: XXY
ER
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the
H
fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this
condition? - ANS Answer: Tetraploidy
IG
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of
H
this disease is associated with: - ANS Answer: Delayed age of onset
G
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most
N
I
of the genetic information be contained? - ANS Answer: Nucleolus
Y
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
L
Which finding will support this diagnosis? - ANS Answer: Inability to convert
F
tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that
oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ANS Answer:
Plasma proteins
, 2
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for? - ANS Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a
genetic disease
R
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best
E
response? - ANS Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
H
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following
G
will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANS Answer: Anaerobic
I
glycolysis
Acites - ANS
GH is excess fluid in the space between the tissues lining the abdomen
and abdominal organs (the peritoneal cavity).
IN
acute glomerulonephritis - ANS (AGN): immune disease after strept infection.
Y
Decreases GFR=excessive acculmulation of water and retention of sodium, onset
L
appears after latent period of about 10 days. s/s: oliguria, edema, *hematuria
F
"tea-colored"* mild HTN, lethargy, proteinuria, loss of appetite. Rx: none, spontaneous
recovery, supportive-diet low in sodium, protein, K. Nursing: montor fluid, edema, rest
periods. AGN is an inflammatory disease of both kidneys that usually affects children
between the ages of 2 and 12. It is an inflammation of the glomeruli that typically follows
a streptococcal infection of the skin or throat, or an autoimmune condition. Kidney
, 3
symptoms usually begin two to three weeks after the initial infection. AGN is not
contagious.
Acute Kidney Injury - ANS abrupt loss of kidney function resulting in retention of
R
urea and nitrogen.
E
*Prerenal*=decrease renal blood flow s/s: hypotension, hypoperfusion
H
*Intrarenal*=injury to renal tissue d/t toxins/ischemia s/s: edema, glomerulonephritis
*Postrenal*=stop/slow urine flow down the urinary tract s/s: hx of obstruction, difficulty
G
voiding
I
*Oliguric/anuric*=less than 500ml UO in 24 hrs, diuretic phase 24hr UO more than
H
500ml and no longer rise in BUN/Cr, recovery phase months-year, scar tissue.
G
Rx: no nephrotoxic drugs( aminoglycosides, ACEI, NSAIDS, radiocontrast), give IVF if
dehydrated, hemodialysis
N
Complications: infection, arrhythmias (hyperkalemia) electrolyte imbalances, GI
I
bleeding, multiple organ system failure.
Y
Nursing: assess, montor I&O, daily weight, regulate protein intake, high carb diet,
L
restrict foods high in K, Phosphorus, Na
Addison's -
F ANS ___ symptoms:
brownish hyperpigmentation of skin
diarrhea, nausea
