AP US Government Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

AP US Government Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Government - The formal and informal institutions through which a society makes and enforces its public policies Autocracy - A system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual Oligarchy - rule by a few Democracy - government by the people pluralist theory - The theory that many interest groups compete for power in a large number of policy areas. Articles of Confederation - 1st Constitution of the U.S. (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) The Virginia Plan - "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. 2Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 The New Jersey Plan - A constitutional proposal that would have given each state one vote in a new congress. Representation in house would be equal among the states. Three-Fifths Compromise - A method of counting the slave population for representation Federalists - Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption. Checks and balances would protect against abuses. Anti-Federalists - Led by Henry, Mason, and Samuel Adams. They opposed the Constitution. Wanted strong state governments and fewer limits on popular participation. The Legislative Branch(Congress) - section of government that makes laws. They may override president's veto by two-thirds vote of both houses. May also impeach and remove federal judges. The Executive Branch - section of government that enforces the laws. May refuse to enforce court decisions. The president can appoint federal judges, grant reprieves and pardons to federal offenders, and can veto acts of Congress. The Judicial Branch - section of government that interprets the laws. They can rule executive actions as unconstitutional. 3Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 Amendment Process - The Constitution provides that an amendment may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by two- thirds of the State legislatures. McCulloch v. Maryland - Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) - New York state could not grant a monopoly to a steamboat company. This case established the federal government's control of interstate commerce. Dual Federalism (Layer Cake) - A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their