TNT 2 EXAM
what blade should be inserted between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue (vallecular) and with a
forward and upward motion the epiglottis is raised to expose the glottis and vocal cords? - ✔✔ correct
answer the McIntosh (curved) blade
what blade should be placed under the epiglottis and lifted upward and forward to expose the cords? -
✔✔ correct answer the Miller (straight) blade
why should you never exceed 15-20 seconds in the airway per intubation attempt? - ✔✔ correct answer
the blade and tube in the back of the throat may stimulate the vagus nerve leading to bradycardia
what are the characteristics of ET tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - 15 mm adapter
- radiopaque line
- murphy eye
-beveled opening
- cuff
- spring-loaded valve
- pilot balloon
- inflation tubing
what are the characteristics of tracheostomy tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - ties
- cuff
- inner cannula
- obturator
- cuff-filling tube
- pilot cuff
- one-way valve
what are the indications of ET tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - relief of upper airway obstruction
- protection of the airway
- to facilitate tracheal suctioning
, TNT 2 EXAM
- to assist manual or mechanical ventilation
what is the pharyngeal reflex? - ✔✔ correct answer gag and swallowing reflex
what is the laryngeal reflex? - ✔✔ correct answer laryngospasm
what is the tracheal reflex? - ✔✔ correct answer coughing when trachea is irritated
what is the carinal reflex? - ✔✔ correct answer coughing when carina is irritated
what are complications of ET tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - contamination of the tracheobronchial tree
- cough mechanism reduced
- damage to the vocal cords
- laryngeal or tracheal edema
- mucosal damage leading to tracheal stenosis (collapsing)
- tube occluded with inspissated (thick) secretions
- loss of patient's dignity
- loss of patient's ability to talk
what are the indications for tracheostomy tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - to bypass upper airway
obstruction
- reduce anatomical dead space (by 50%)
- to prevent problems posed by oral or nasal E-T tubes
- to allow patient to swallow and receive nourishment
- for long term airway care (E-T tube should be left in no longer than 3-4 weeks)
what are the immediate complications of tracheostomy tubes (occurring within the first 24 hrs of
procedure)? - ✔✔ correct answer - pneumothorax
- bleeding (most common)
what blade should be inserted between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue (vallecular) and with a
forward and upward motion the epiglottis is raised to expose the glottis and vocal cords? - ✔✔ correct
answer the McIntosh (curved) blade
what blade should be placed under the epiglottis and lifted upward and forward to expose the cords? -
✔✔ correct answer the Miller (straight) blade
why should you never exceed 15-20 seconds in the airway per intubation attempt? - ✔✔ correct answer
the blade and tube in the back of the throat may stimulate the vagus nerve leading to bradycardia
what are the characteristics of ET tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - 15 mm adapter
- radiopaque line
- murphy eye
-beveled opening
- cuff
- spring-loaded valve
- pilot balloon
- inflation tubing
what are the characteristics of tracheostomy tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - ties
- cuff
- inner cannula
- obturator
- cuff-filling tube
- pilot cuff
- one-way valve
what are the indications of ET tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - relief of upper airway obstruction
- protection of the airway
- to facilitate tracheal suctioning
, TNT 2 EXAM
- to assist manual or mechanical ventilation
what is the pharyngeal reflex? - ✔✔ correct answer gag and swallowing reflex
what is the laryngeal reflex? - ✔✔ correct answer laryngospasm
what is the tracheal reflex? - ✔✔ correct answer coughing when trachea is irritated
what is the carinal reflex? - ✔✔ correct answer coughing when carina is irritated
what are complications of ET tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - contamination of the tracheobronchial tree
- cough mechanism reduced
- damage to the vocal cords
- laryngeal or tracheal edema
- mucosal damage leading to tracheal stenosis (collapsing)
- tube occluded with inspissated (thick) secretions
- loss of patient's dignity
- loss of patient's ability to talk
what are the indications for tracheostomy tubes? - ✔✔ correct answer - to bypass upper airway
obstruction
- reduce anatomical dead space (by 50%)
- to prevent problems posed by oral or nasal E-T tubes
- to allow patient to swallow and receive nourishment
- for long term airway care (E-T tube should be left in no longer than 3-4 weeks)
what are the immediate complications of tracheostomy tubes (occurring within the first 24 hrs of
procedure)? - ✔✔ correct answer - pneumothorax
- bleeding (most common)
